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STAAR REVIEW ES
Earth and Space Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Earth rotates or spins around its what? | axis |
| The Earth takes how long to spin around once on its axis? | 24 hours |
| The Earth axis is titled on its axis about 23.5 degrees. Because of this, parts of Earth experience what? | seasons |
| How long does it take for Earth to complete one revolution around the Sun? | one year or 365 days |
| When it's summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is what in the Southern Hemisphere? | winter |
| The area around what part of the Earth will have direct solar rays all year and will stay about the temperature? | equator |
| Why do we experience day and night on Earth? | The Earth rotates on its axis and is facing away from the sunlight during the night time. |
| What is the difference between a full moon and a new moon? | a full moon is when we can see the sunlight reflecting off the moon's surface in a complete circle while a new moon is when we cannot see the moon's reflective surface (dark) |
| What is the difference between waxing and waning? | waxing is when the moon's surface is becoming more and more visible while waning is when the moon's surface is becoming less and less visible |
| What is the difference between gibbous and crescent shape for phases of the moon? | gibbous is more than half, and crescent is less than half |
| What is the name of huge clouds of dust and gas in the universe? | nebulae |
| What is the name of the large rocks that orbits the sun (there is a group of them between Mars and Jupiter) | Asteroids |
| What is the name of the objects made of ice, dust, and small rock that orbit the sun (sometimes seem to have a tail) | Comets |
| What is the name of a ball of hydrogen and helium fueled by fusion? | star |
| What is the name of a collection of stars held together by the gravity? | galaxy |
| What is the name of our galaxy and what type is it? | Milky Way spiral galaxy |
| Stars are classified by their spectra (the elements that they absorb) and their what? | surface temperature |
| Stars are arranged in order by decreasing temperature in seven main types - O,B,A,F,G,K, and M. What is the color of class O star? (warmest) | Blue |
| What is the color of class M star? (coolest) | Red |
| What is the diagram that plots stars color (spectral type or surface temperature) vs. its luminosity (brightness)? | Hertzsprung- Russell Diagram |
| Most stars including the sun are "main sequence stars" fueled by what? | nuclear fusion (converting hydrogen to helium) |
| As stars begin to die, they become what? | giants and super giants (they have depleted their hydrogen supply) |
| Smaller stars (like our Sun) eventually become faint, hot, white, dim stars called what? | white dwarfs and will eventually become cold, dark black dwarfs |
| Name three main types of galaxies? | spiral, elliptical, and irregular |
| The movement of large sections of the Earth's crust is called ? | Plate Tectonics |
| The tectonic plates are floating on top of magma which causes them to move. Between the plates there are boundaries. Name the three types of boundaries. | transform, divergent, convergent |
| What type of boundary occurs when the two plates slide against each other in a sideways motion? | transform |
| What type of boundary occurs when two tectonic plates are moving AWAY from one another? | divergent examples: mid-ocean ridge, fault block mountains, rift valleys |
| What type of boundary occurs when the tectonic plates are pushing TOWARD each other? | convergent examples: ocean plate to ocean plate, ocean plate to continental plate, and continental plate to continental plate |
| Continental to Continental plates converging usually forms what? | mountains |
| Ocean plates to continental plate converging boundaries (in which one is usually subducted under the other) usually causes what two things? | volcanoes and mountains |
| A very large scale map that shows the shape of the land's surface is caused a what? | topographic map |
| Imaginary lines that connect places of equal elevation on a map are called what? | contour lines |
| When contour lines are far apart the slope is very what? | small |
| When contour lines are close together the slope is what? | steep |
| What is the periodic rise and fall of the ocean waters called? | tides |
| What causes the tides? | gravitational pulls of the Moon and the Sun, as well as the rotation of the Earth |
| Which tide is happening when the Earth is approximately lined up with the sun and the moon? (new moon or full moon phase) | spring tides |
| Which tide is happening during the first quarter or third quarter moon phase? | neap tide |
| Where in the Milky Way is the Earth found? | about half way between the edge and the center of the galaxy |
| Which measurement is the basic difference between ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation? | wavelength |
| Ocean currents are mainly caused by what two things? | wind and temperature differences |
| Winds are driven by what type of energy? | solar energy |
| What type of front forms when a cold, dry air mass overtakes a warmer, humid air mass? | cold front (can bring storms, tornadoes) |
| What type of front forms at the surface of Earth when a warm, moist air mass overtakes a cook, dense, and dryer air mass? | Warm front (gentle precipitation and then cool to warm temperatures) |
| Hurricanes get their energy from what? | warm ocean waters |
| An area of land where all water from rain and melted snow that is under land or drains off of land goes into a larger body of water is called a what? | watershed |
| The process of surface water entering the soil is called what? | infiltration |
| Water that seeps into the ground but eventually moves into a river, stream, or lake is called what? | ground water |
| A groundwater reservoir that can store and release large amounts of water below the surface is called a what? | aquifer |
| Water found above the Earth's surface that eventually moves into a river, stream, or lake is called ? | surface water |
| Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation says that every object in the universe does what? | attracts every other object |
| A force of attraction between two or more masses is called what? | gravity |
| The more ____________you have, the stronger the gravitational force you give off. | mass |
| When two masses become further apart, what happens to the gravitational force? | it decreases, becomes smaller |
| Without the Sun's gravitational pull, Earth would not move in a circle around the sun, but would what? | continue to move in a straight path |
Created by:
lseman