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8th gr Sci Chap 20
8th grade Science Chapter 20 Test Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The movement of air masses is key to understanding weather | |
| The source of an air mass determines its conditions. the five kinds of air mass source regions are arctic, polar, tropical, continental and maritime. | |
| Air masses may be cold or warm and they take on the humidity of their source regions. | |
| Air masses interact to create fronts that may be warm, cold, stationary or occluded | |
| Clouds and precipitation form by convection, orographic lifting, frontal wedging or convergence. | |
| Winter storms bring severe winter weather in the form of lots of snow or freezing rain. Large amounts of snow can be caused by Nor'easters or lake effects. | |
| thunderstorms are the most common violent storms generated by air mass interactions. They usually produce lightning and rain and can also drop hail and spawn tornadoes. | |
| Tornadoes are rapidly rotating wind systems associated with violent storms. Tornadoes cause damage mainly through high wind speeds and strong updrafts. They are the most dangerous kind of storm. | |
| Hurricanes are giant cyclonic windstorms that form over the tropical and subtropical ocean. The heavy rainfall, high wind speeds, and storm surge they create can be very destructive. | |
| Weather data can be communicated using station models. | |
| As weather data is gathered, it is plotted and analyzed on weather maps. | |
| Meteorologists use a combination of digital atmospheric models, weather maps and professional experience to make predictions that can be distributed to the public. Nearly all these maps and predictions are available for free on the internet. | |
| What would be the weather characteristics and direction of movement of a typical air mass moving slowly over North Atlantic? What type of air mass whould it be? | |
| If a squall line of thunderstorms has passed overhead, followed by cool, clear, sunny skies, what probably happened to produce these conditions? | |
| Explain how a range of mountains can influence the formation of clouds and precipitation, and give the name for this effect. | |
| What is likely the most dangerous kind of winter storm: a deep snowstorm, or a heavy ice storm? Explain. | |
| What weather conditions can produce a cumulonimbus thunderstorm? What weather effects often accompany a thunderstorm? | |
| Why were meteorologists surprised to find that pressure inside the funnel of a tornado dropped only to 9/10 of normal atmospheric pressure? | |
| What issues are involved in the evacuation order of an area for a predicted disaster, such as a hurricane? | |
| How does the National Weather Service obtain weather data from remote, unpopulated locations? | |
| Compare the usefulness of a single weather station's data and the overall weather picture to a single puzzle piece. | |
| If the same isobar passes through both Boston, Massachusetts and New York City on a weather map, what can you conclude? | |
| Why is the weather map you see on TV or in a newspaper considered a synoptic map? | |
| Why is a one-day forecast more reliable than a seven-day forecast? | |
| air mass | a huge body of air in the troposphere with similar temperature and humidity |
| continental air mass (c) | a low humidity air mass that originates over land |
| maritime air mass (m) | a high humidity air mass that originates over oceans |
| arctic air mass (A) | a frigid air mass that originates over the poles |
| polar air mass (P) | a cool or cold air mass that originates over upper latitudes |
| tropical air mass (T) | a warm air mass that originates in the tropics |
| front | the boundary where at least two different air masses meet |
| orographic lifting | the upward movement of air masses as they flow over mountains |
| frontal wedging | the lifting of warm air mass above a cool air mass acting as a wedge |
| convergence | the lifting of air when horizontal air currents from opposite directions collide and rise into the atmosphere |
| storm | a severe weather disturbance involving high winds, heavy precipitation and other conditions such as lightning or low temps |
| winter storm | a storm that brings heavy snow or sleet, high winds, and/or unusually cold weather |
| thunderstorm | a rainstorm that produces lightning, may include hail, bursts of strong winds or even tornados |
| lightning | an electrical discharge either between clouds or between a cloud and the ground |
| tornado | a destructive localized rapidly rotating cyclonic windstorm forming a funnel usually associated with a special cumulonimbis cloud (supercell) |
| hurricane | an immense cyclonic windstorm that forms over tropical or subtropical oceans; hazardous to ships and damaging if it moves over land; also called typhoon or cyclone |
| tropical storm | a strong cyclonic storm with winds of at least 63 km strengthening tropical storms can develop into hurricanes |
| storm surge | a higher than normal local sea level caused by sea water flowing toward the lower air pressure under a hurricane |
| station model | a symbolic representation of data from a weather station on a weather map; each number and symbol and their locations in the model provides specific information |
| synoptic weather map | a weather map that presents a summary or synopsis of weather data for a given time frame; surface weather map, highest and lowest temperatures map, the precipitation areas and amounts map and the 500 millibar height contours map |
| convection | heat transfer by the upward movement of a warmer less dense fluid as it displaced by a cooler more dense fluid. It only works under the influence of gravity |
| orographic lifting examples are Atacama desert and Tibetan Plateau | |
| rain shadow | when the environmental conditions on the windward side of a mountain are often far different from the lee side |
| severe weather | winter storms, thunderstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes |
| Nor'easter | When a cyclonic winter storm hits the Northeastern section of the US ; it sweeps moisture in from the Atlantic Ocean and drops it as snow |
| What is the cumulonimbus cloud associated with? | Hail and squal line |
| Gust front | Cold air moving towards warm air |
| Thunderhead | A cumulonimbus cloud |
| Lightning | an electrical discharge either between clouds & the ground |
| What happens when 2 fronts meet? | Convection, Orographic lifting, frontal wedging, convergence |
| Cold air replaces warm air? | Cold front |
| Warm air replaces cold air? | Warm front |
| What is a supercell? | Massive rotating storms |
| Tornadoes have the highest wind speed. | |
| Danger of tornado is | debris, wind in the updraft |
| Updraft | An upward current or draft of air |
| Super cold front | often advances more quickly |
| Water spout | Tornados occurring over water |
| Tropical storms are the only storms that are named. | |
| Cyclone | a tropical hurricane, starts outside the tropics, extra tropical |
| Asian hurricane is a typhoon. | |
| Hurricanes can not flow over land because it doesn't have the moisture and temperature. | |
| Saffir Simson Scale measures speed. | |
| Hurricanes are born 10 degrees north of the equator | |
| 3 factors that effect the movement of the hurricane | 1. trade winds 2. jet stream 3. change in pressure |
| Rolling waves are the storm's swell. | |
| Serge | Tide rises higher than normal |
| Eye | lowest pressure in the hurricane |
| orographic lifting | The upward movement of air masses as they flow over mountains |
| Count the seconds between a lightning flash and the sound of thunder. Divide the number of seconds that pass by 3 or 5 to see how many km or miles that storm is | 15 seconds = 5 km or 3 miles |
| How do you protect yourself from thunderstorms? | The most dangerous part of thunderstorms are lightening. The safest place to be is in a building protected by lightning rods. Lightning strikes the highest point attached to the ground. stay away from water |
| Tornadoes? | Go underground if possible. If not.. a small windowless, mirror less, interior room or closet. Get to the lowest level of ground |
| Hurricanes? | Leave the area |
Created by:
bgpalmers
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