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Chapter 32 Physics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does Electrotatics involve? | electric charges, the forces between them, and their behavior in material |
| What holds atoms together? | electricity |
| What is electrostatics? | electricity at rest |
| What topics of electricity are we studying? | electric charges, forces between them, their behavior in materials |
| What is the fundamental rule at the base of all electrical phenomena? | that like charges repel and opposite charges attract |
| What force is a billion times stronger than gravitational force? | Electric force |
| What does electric forces come from? | particles in atoms |
| What do proton attract? | electrons |
| what do protons repel? | protons |
| what doe electrons attract? | protons |
| what do electrons repel? | electrons |
| What charge are electrons? | negative |
| what charge is protons? | positive |
| what charge is neutrons? | neutral |
| What does every atom have? | a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charges electrons |
| are all electrons identical? | yes |
| What do they all have the same amount of? | mass and charge |
| What does the nucleus contain? | protons and neutrons |
| How much mass does a proton have? | 2000 times the mass of an electron but its positive charge is the same amount as an electron's negative charge just opposite |
| How much mass does a neutron have? | has slightly more mass than proton and no charge |
| Why does an atom have zero net charge? | atoms usually have the same number of electrons as protons so the overall atom has zero net charge and it is neutral |
| What is the fundamental rule again? | opposite charges attract and like charges repel |
| What is an object that has unequal numbers of electrons and protons? | electrically charged |
| What is an ion? | a charged atom |
| If an atom gains electrons it is...? | a negative ion |
| When is there zero net charge in a neutral atom? | there are as many negative electrons as positive protons |
| What happens if it loses electrons? | it is a positive ion |
| Do protons move? | NO |
| In an atom what happens to the electrons closest to the nucleus? | tightly bound together |
| What kind of an attraction between the negative electrons and the positive protons in the nucleus? | strong electrical |
| What electrons are less tightly bound and can move? | outer electrons |
| What does the energy required to move the electrons depend on? | the material |
| What is high electron affinity? | some materials hold onto their electrons tighter than other materials |
| When does the rod turn negatively charged? | when electrons are transferred from the fur to the rod |
| If electrons are neither created nor destroyed then what are they? | they are transferred |
| All charged objects have a charge that is ..? | a whole number multiple of the charge of a single electron |
| Can electrons be divided into fractions? | NO |
| What can a charge not be equal to? | 1.5 |
| What does Coulomb's law state? | that for charged particles or objects that are small compared with the distance between them, the force between the charges varies directly as the product of the charges and inversely as the square of the distance between them |
| Who discovered the relationship among electrical force charges and distance -Coulomb's law? | French Physicist Charles Coulomb in the eighteenth century |
| Why for charged objects does the force between the charges varies directly? | as the product of the charges and inversely as the square of the distance between them |
| What is d represent? | the distance between the charged particles |
| what does q1 mean? | represents the quantity of charge in one object |
| What does q2 represent? | the quantity of charge of the other particle |
| what does k represent? | the proportionality constant |
| What is the SI unity of charge? | the coulomb abbreviated C. |
| How much electrons is a charge of 1 C? | 6.24 x 10 to the 18 power |
| what does a coulomb represent? | the amount of charge that passes through a common 100-W light bulb in about one second |
| What is the greatest difference between gravitational and electrical forces? | is that gravity only attracts but electrical forces may attract or repel |
| Compare the two formulas shows these conclusions: | both are inverse square laws, 3x distance changes force to 1/9 as much, 1/3 distance changes force to 9x greater |
| What are they both directly proportional to? | a product of a property of the objects |
| What does gravity only do? | only attracts |
| What does electric force do? | attracts and repels |
| How is gravitational and electrical forces different? | electric force is very large compared to gravity force |
| Why do electrical forces usually balance out? | because most objects have almost exactly equal numbers of electrons and protons |
| between where is there no measurable electrical force? | between earth and moon |
| What is the predominant force between astronomical bodies? | weak gravitational force which only attracts |
| What is not always true about electrical forces? | that they balance out for astronomical and everyday objects at the atomic level |
| When do atoms share electrons? | when two or more atoms are close together |
| When does bonding result? | when the attractive force between the electrons of one atom and the positive nucleus of another atom is greater than the repulsive force between the electrons of both atoms |
| What does bonding lead to? | the formation of molecules |
| When do electrons move easily? | in good conductors |
| when do electrons move poorly? | in good insulators |
| What are conductors? | materials which have electrons that are free to roam and so electric charge is carried easily through these materials |
| What is an example of a good conductor? | metals |
| What are good electric conductors? | usually good heat conductors |
| What are insulators? | materials through which electrons do not easily flow |
| What are good insulators? | rubber, glass, air |
| What do insulators hold? | static charge on their outside surfaces |
| How is a substance classified? | as a conductor or an insulator based on how tightly the atoms of the substance hold their electrons |
Created by:
16_dnuckolls
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