Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 6 Med Term
Musculoskeletal system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ankyl/o | crooked or stiff |
| arthr/o | joint(articulation) |
| articul/o | joint(articulation) |
| brachi/o | arm |
| cervic/o | neck |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| cost/o | rib |
| crani/o | skull |
| dactyl/o | digit(finger or toe) |
| fasci/o | fascia(a band) |
| femor/o | femur |
| fibr/o | fiber |
| kyph/o | humpback |
| lei/o | smooth |
| lord/o | bent |
| lumb/o | loin(lower back) |
| myel/o | bone marrow or spinal cord |
| my/o myos/o muscul/o | muscle |
| oste/o | bone |
| patell/o | knee cap |
| pelv/i pelv/o | hip bone or pelvic cavity |
| radi/o | radius |
| rhabd/o | rod shaped or striated (skeletal) |
| sarc/o | flesh |
| scoli/o | twisted |
| Digit | Latin Term derived from finger counting |
| Digitalis | heart drug madde from foxglove plant also known as ladie's fingers |
| spondyl/o vertebr/o | vertebra |
| stern/o | sternum(breastbone) |
| ten/o tend/o tendin/o | tendon(to stretch) |
| thorac/o | chest |
| ton/o | tone or tension |
| uln/o | ulna |
| Skeleton | Greek word meaning dried up occured in modern English in 1578 |
| Elbow | Latin term ell-old measure of cloth from elbow to the fingers. Boga was bending or bow |
| Musculoskeletal system | provides support and gives shape to the body |
| skeleton | gives structure to the body by providing a framework of bones and cartilage bones store calcium and minerals and produce blood cells in the marrow |
| muscle | covers bones where they hinge(articulate) and supply forces that make movement possible also provide protective covering for internal organs and produce body heat |
| appendicular skeleton | bones of shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities |
| axial skeleton | bones of skull, vertebral column, chest, and hyoid(u-shaped bone lying at the base of the tongue) |
| bone | specialized connective tissue composed of osteocytes (bone cells) forming the skeleton |
| compact bone | tightly solid, strong bone tissue resistant to bending |
| spongy (cancellous) bone | mesh-like bone tissue containing marrow and fine branching canals through which blood vessels run. |
| Long bones | bones of arms and legs |
| short bones | bones of wrists and ankles |
| flat bones | bones of ribs, shoulder blades,pelvis and skull |
| irregular bones | bones of vertebrae and face |
| sesamoid bones | round bones found near joints (e.g., patella) |
| epiphysis | wide ends of a long bone(physis=growth) |
| diaphysis | shaft of a long bone |
| metaphysis | growth zone between epiphysis and diaphysis during development of a long bone |
| endosteum | membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone |
| medullary cavity | cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow |
| bone marrow | soft connective tissue within the medullary cavities of bones |
| red bone marrow | found in cavities of most bones in infants;functions in formation of red blood cells, some white blood cells and platelets.In adults red bone marrow found most often in the flat bones |
| yellow bone marrow | gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones, functions as storage for fat tissue and is inactive in formation of blood cells |
| periosteum | a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone |
| articular catrilage | a gristle-like substance found on bones where they articulate |
| articulation | a joint; the point where two bones come together |
| bursa | a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones that is lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid |
| disk(disc) | a flat plate-like structure composed of fibrocartilaginous tissue found between the vertebrae to reduce friction |
| nucleus pulposus | the soft, fibrocartilaginous, central portion of intevertebral disk |
| ligament | a flexible band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone |
| synovial membrane | membrane lining the capsule of a joint |
| synovial fluid | lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane |
| ankle | Greek word Ank meaning bend or angle |
| bursa | Latin term for purse |
| muscle | tissue composed of fibers that can contract, causing movement of an organ or partof the body |
| striated (skeletal)muscle | voluntary striated muscleattached to the skeleton |
| smooth muscle | involuntary muscle found in internal organs |
| cardiac muscle | muscle of the heart |
| origin of a muscle | muscle end attached to the bone that does not move when the muscle contracts |
| insertion of a muscle | muscle end attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts |
| tendon | a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone |
| fascia | a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports and seperates muscle |
| Anatomical position and term of reference | terms with specific meanings to refer to body positions, directions and planes. |
| anatomical position | assumes teh body is standing upright (erect) facing forward with feet pointing forward and slightly apart, arms at side with palms facing forward |
| planes | 3 different imaginary lines dividing the body in half, forming body planes |
| positional and directional terms | used to indicate the location or direction of body parts in respect to each other |
| coronal (frontal) plane Body Plane | vertical division into front(anterior) and back(posterior) portions |
| sagittal plane Body plane | vertical division of the body into right and left portions |
| tranverse plane body plane | horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions |
| anterior (A) (ventral) | front of the body |
| posterior (P) (dorsal) | back of the body |
| anterior-posterior (AP) | from front to back ;commonly associated with the direction of an x-ray beam |
| posterior-anterior (PA) | from back to front;commonly associated with the direction of an x-ray beam |
| superior(cephalic) | situated above another structure, toward the head |
| inferior(caudal) | situated below another structure , away from the head |
| fascia | Latin word for band or bandage |
| proximal | toward the beginning or origin of a structure [e.g., proximal aspect of the femur (thigh bone) is the area at the end of the bone near the knee] |
| medial | toward the middle (midline) |
| lateral | toward the side |
| axis | line that runs through the center of the body or a body part |
| erect | normal standing position |
| decubitus | lying down, especially in bed |
| lateral decubitus | lying on the side (decumbo=to lie down) |
| prone | lying face down and flat |
| recumbent | lying down |
| supine | horizontal recumbent; lying flat on the back-"on the spine" |
| flexion | bending at the joint so that the angle between the bones is decreased |
| extension | straightening at the joint so that the angle between the bones is increased |
| abduction | movement away from the body |
| adduction | movement towards the body |
| rotation | circular movement around an axis |
| eversion | turning outward, i.e. of a foot |
| inversion | turning inward, i.e. of a foot |
| supination | turning upward or forward of the palmar surface (palm or hand) or plantar surface (sole of the foot) |
| pronation | turning downward or backward of the palmar surface(palm of the hand)or plantar surface (sole of the foot) |
| dorsiflexion | bending of the foot or the toes upward |
| plantar flexion | bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground |
| range of motion | total motion possible in a joint, described by the terms related to body movements, i.e., ability to flex, extend, abduct, or adduct;measured in degrees |
| goniometer | instrument used to measure joint angles (gonio=angle) |
| arthralgia | joint pain |
| atrophy | shrinking of tissue such as muscle |
| crepitation, crepitus | grating sound made by movement of some joints or broken bones |
| exostosis | a projection arising from a bone that develops from cartilage |
| flaccid | flabbby, relaxed, or having defective or absent muscle tone |
| hypertrophy | increase in the size of tissue such as muscle |
| hypotonia | reduced muscle tone or tension |
| myalgia myodynia | muscle pain |
| ostealgia osteodynia | bone pain |
| rigor or rigidity | stiffness;stiff muscle |
| spasm | drawing in;involuntary contraction of muscle |
| spastic | uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles causing stiff and akward movements resembles spasm |
| tetany | tension;prolonged continuous muscle contraction |
| tremor | shaking;rythmic muscular movement |
| ankylosis | stiff joint condition |
| arthritis | inflammation of the joints charchterized by pain, swelling, redness, warmth and limitaion of motion (more than 100 types) |
| osteoarthritis (OA) | most common form of arthritis that affects weight bearing joints(knee and hip)charachterized by erosion of articular cartilage |
| DJD | degenerative joint disease |
| Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | most crippling form of arthritis charachterized by a chronic, systemic inflammation most often affecting joints and synovial membranes (especially in hands and feet) causing ankylosis(stiff joints) and deformity |
| gouty arthritis | acute attacks of arthritis usually in a single joint (especially the great toe) caused by hyperuricemia (an excessive level of uric acid in the blood) |
| gout | Latin word meaning drop |
| bony necrosis // sequestrum | dead bone tissue from loss of blood supply such as can occur after a fracture(sequestrum=something laid aside) |
| bunion | swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe caused by inflammation of the bursa |
| bursitis | inflammation of a bursa |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | condition that results from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel at the wrist, characterized by pain, numbness, tingling in wrist and fingers and weak grip usually result of cumulative trauma of surrounding tendons |
| chondromalacia | softening of the cartilage |
| epiphysitis | inflammation of the epiphyseal regions of the long bone |
| fracture | broken or cracked bone |
| closed fracture | broken bone with no open wound |
| open fracture | compound fracture, broken bone with an open wound |
| simple fracture | a nondisplaced fracture involving one fracture line that does not require extensive treatment to repair. e.g.hairline Fx, stress Fx, or crack) |
| complex fracture | a displaced fracture that requires manipulation or surgery to repair |
| fracture line | line made by broken bone (oblique spiral or transverse) |
| comminuted fracture | broken in many little pieces |
| greenstick fracture | bending and incomplete break of a bone-most often seen in children |
| herniated disk or disc | protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleaus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root |
| myeloma | bone marrow tumor |
| myositis | inflammation of muscle |
| myoma | muscle tumor |
| leiomyoma | smooth muscle tumor |
| leiomyosarcoma | malignant smooth muscle tumor |
| rhabdomyoma | skeletal muscle tumor |
| rhabdomyosarcoma | malignant skeletal muscle tumor |
| muscular dystrophy | a category of genetically transmitted diseases charcterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles (duchenne's is most common) |
| osteoma | bone tumor |
| osteosarcoma | type of malignant bone tumor |
| osteomalacia | disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and Vitamin D deficiency |
| rickets | osteomalacia in children (causes bone derformity) |
| osteomyelitis | infection of bone and marrow causing inflammation |
| osteoporosis | condition of decreased bone density and increased porosity causing bones to become brittle and liable to fracture(porosis=passage) |
| kyphosis | abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback condition) |
| lordosis | abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (swayback condition) |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine (S-shaped curve) |
| spondylolisthesis | forward slipping of a lumbar vertebra (listesis=slipping) |
| spondylosis | stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae due to joint degeneration |
| sprain | injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma but without dislocation or fracture |
| subluxation | a partial dislocation (luxation=dislocation) |
| tendinitis // tendonitis | inflammation of a tendon |
| electromyogram (EMG) | neurodiagnostic graphic record of the electrical activity of muscle at rest and during contraction to diagnose neuromusculoskeletal disorders(muscular dystrophy)usually performed by a neurologist |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | nonionizing imaging techniques using magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves used to visualize anatomical structures joints, tendons, vertebraes |
| nuclear medicine//radionuclide organ imaging | ionizing imaging technique using radioactive isotopes |
| bone scan | radionuclide image of bone tissue to detect tumor, malignanacy, etc. |
| radiography (X-ray) | x-ray imaging; an ionizing technique used in orthopedics to visualize the extremeties, ribs, shoulders, back and joints |
| Willhem Rotegen | discovered x-rays in 1895. st of his wife's hand. |
| arthrogram | an x-ray of a joint taken after an injection of a contrast medium |
| diskogram | an x-ray of an intervertebral disk after injection of a contrast medium |
| dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) | an x-ray scan that measures bone mineral density of spine and extremities to diagnose osteporosis, determine Fx risk and monitor treatment |
| Computed Tomography (CT) Computed Axial Tomography (CAT) | specialized x-ray procedure that produces cross sectional images that are processed by a computer to form 2 or 3 dimensional images |
| Sonography | ultrasound imaging; a nonionizing technique useful in orthopedics to visualize muscles, ligaments, used for moving images on a monitor |
| amputation | partial or complete removal of a limb (AKA=above knee amutation) (BKA=Below knee amputation) |
| arthrocentesis | puncture for aspiration of a joint |
| arthrodesis | binding or fusing of joint surfaces |
| arthroplasty | repair or reconstruction of a joint |
| arthroscopy | procedure using an arthroscope to examine diagnose and repair a joint from within |
| bone grafting | transplantation of a piece of bone from one site to another to repair a skeletal defect |
| bursectomy | excision of a bursa |
| myoplasty | repair of a muscle |
| open reduction, internal fixation (ORIF) of a Fx | internal surgical repair of a Fx by bringing bones back into alignment and fixing them into place, often utilizing plates, screws, pins, etc. |
| osteoplasty | repair of bone |
| osteotomy | incision into bone |
| spondylosyndesis | spinal fusion |
| tenotomy | division by incision of a tendon to repair a deformity caused by shortening of a muscle |
| closed reduction, external fixation of a Fx | external manipulation of a fracture to regain alignment along with application of an external device to protect and hold bone in place while healing |
| casting | using a stiff, solid dressing around a limb to immobilize during healing |
| splinting | use of a rigid device to immobilize or restrain a broken bone or injured part. less support than cast, accomodates swelling easier |
| traction (Tx) | application of a pulling force to a Fx'd bone or dislocated joint to maintain proper position during healing |
| closed reduction, percutaneous fixation of a Fx | external manipulation of a Fx to regain alignment, followed by insertion of one or more pins through the skin to maintain position, ofetn includes external device called a fixator to keep the fracture immobilized during healing |
| orthosis | use of an orthopedic appliance to maintain a bone's position or provide limb support (wrist or knee brace) |
| physical therapy | treatment to rehabilitate patients disabled by illness or injury involving different methods(modalities) such as exercise, hydrotherapy, diathermy and ultrasound |
| prosthesis | an artificial replacement for a diseased or missing body part such as a hip, joint, or limb. |
| analgesic | drug that relieves pain |
| narcotic | potent analgesic that has addictive properties |
| anti-inflammatory | drug that reduces inflammation |
| antipyretic | drug that relieves fever |
| nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) | group of drugs with analgesic, anti-inflammatory properties(ibuprofen and aspirin) commonly used to treat arthritis |
Created by:
christina_macenfish
Popular Medical sets