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Atmosphere

QuestionAnswer
What is the atmosphere? The envelope of gases that surrounds our planet and is held here by Earth's gravity?
What is the atmosphere made up of? 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, and Less than 1% of other trace gases.
How is the atmosphere divided into it's layers? They're based on changes in temperature at different altitudes.
What is radiation? Transfer of energy through space; no direct contact between objects. Example: Sunlight that warms Earth's surface.
What is Conduction? Transfer of energy between two materials that are touching. Example: Dark surfaces absorb more energy than light surfaces. Land heats up and cools down quicker than water.
What is Convection? transfer of energy between fluids. Example: Cool, dense air sinks, while warm air rises.
What are the properties of air other than mass? Density and Pressure
What are the formulas for air pressure? Density= Mass/Volume. PV= nRT (P = pressure; V= volume; n= amount of substance; R= constant; T = temperature); know how changes in temperature, volume, and the amount of a substance will affect pressure.
What increases as air pressure and density decrease? Altitude.
How is air pressure measured? Barometer.
What are low-pressure systems associated with? Warm rising air, clouds, precipitation, high altitudes and rain forests.
What is a very low-pressure system associated with? A hurricane. The fastest winds in a hurricane are at the eye wall. The eye itself has clear skiers and calm winds.
What is a high pressure system associated with? clearer skies, cool sinking dry air, lower altitudes and deserts.
What is wind? The result of differences in air pressures of two different air masses.
How does wind travel? From high to low pressure.
What is wind measured with? A weather vane. Wind speed is measure with an anemometer.
What is a wind-chill? The increased cooling effect of wind.
What latitudes are low pressure? 0-60.
What latitudes are high pressure? 30-90
What is the Coriolis Effect? Earth's rotation causes winds in the Northern Hemisphere to deflect to the right and winds in the Southern Hemisphere to deflect to the left.
What latitudes do Jet Streams occur in? Between 30 and 60 and run west to east.
What brings high and low pressures? Ridges bring high pressure, troughs bring low pressure.
What are monsoons? Winds that change direction with the seasons. Summers are wet; winters are dry. Valley breezes in AM; Mountain breezes in PM.
What is wind direction? Points to direction wind is coming from.
What is wind speed? small line = 5; big line = 10; triangle = 50; add them together.
How do you figure out cloud coverage? empty=clear; 1/4= scattered; 1/2= partly, 3/4= mostly; full=overcast
Created by: ecutter12
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