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Rocks and Minerals
Chapter 9 and 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How is Halite formed? | Halite occurs in vast beds of sedimentary evaporite minerals that result from the drying up of enclosed lakes, playas, and seas. |
| What are the types of sediments from small to large? | Clastic, Chemical, Biochemical |
| What are intrusive rock groups? | Intrusive rocks were cooled and solidified beneath the Earth’s surface. (large crystals and grains) Granite |
| What are extrusive rock groups? | Extrusive rocks were cooled and solidified on the Earth’s surface. (very small or no crystals or grains) Pumice |
| What are Clastic rock groups? | the rock fragments are glued together to form a rock. sandstone or shale |
| What are Organic rock groups? | rocks formed from biologic products. (Things that died and solidified together over time. Coal and limestone |
| What are Chemical rock groups? | rocks that formed from ions (smallest particles) that were dissolved in the sea water. These rocks usually form as the ocean water evaporates away and leaves the dissolved minerals behind. rocksalt |
| What are foliated rock groups? | alignment of minerals in paper thin layers or bands after being heated by magma (Slate) |
| What are nonfoliated rock groups? | no alignment of minerals after being heated by magma (Marble) |
| What percentage of the earth do the 10 most common minerals make up? | 90 |
| What are the two most common elements in minerals? | Oxygen and silicon |
| What kind of minerals are gold and copper? | native minerals (occur in nature in uncombined form with a distinct mineral structure.) |
| Describe the Mohs Hardness Scale | A list of Minerals, their hardness and the associations and uses. The minerals are listed from least hard to hardest. The least hard is #1 (Talc) and the hardest is #10 (Diamond) |
| Where do minerals get most of their properties from? | Chemical composition and crystal structure |
| Do all rock-forming minerals contain atoms of silicon (Si) and Oxygen (O)? | No, but most of them do. |
| What makes up more than 50% of the earth's crust? | Feldspars and quartz |
| Is fluorite (CaF2)an example of a nonsilicate mineral? | yes Nonsilicate minerals have neither Oxygen nor silicate in them. (o) and (Si) |
| What is cleavage important for? | Identifying minerals - Cleavage is one of a mineral's properties that describe the way a mineral breaks when stressed. |
| What is the most reliable indicator of identifying a mineral? | density and hardness |
| What has a higher density, large rocks or small rocks? | small rocks? (Nate, check this) |
| Name some minerals | talc, quartz, topaz, diamond (my favorite) |
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