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ANA 534 T2 Mediastiu

learning objective answers to mediastinum

QuestionAnswer
List the various compartments of the mediastinum. The thoracic cavity can be divided into a superior mediastinum and an inferior mediastinum. The inferior has three compartments: anterior, middle and posterior.
What separates the superior mediastinum from the inferior mediastinum? The invisible line drawn from the sternal angle back through T4/T5.
Define the “sternal angle” The intersection between the manubrium and the body of the sternum.
In a cross section through the heart and pericardial sac, identify ALL the layers that would be 
incised through into the ventricle. Outside in fibrous layer of pericardium, serous layer of pericardium, percardial cavity (with pericardial fluid), the visceral serous pericardium (epicardium), the myocardium (muscle of the heart wall) and the endocardium (endothelial lining of the heart).
What are the two components (layers) of the pericardial sac? The fibrous layer (outer) and the serous layer (inner).
Where does the pericardial sac attach superiorly, inferiorly? Superiorly the pericardial sac blends with the adventitia of the great vessels (aorta, pulmonary trunk); inferiorly the sac blends with the fibrous central tendon of the diaphragm.
Name two serous pericardial-lined sinuses/recesses of the pericardial sac The transverse and oblique pericardial sinuses.
Why is the transverse pericardial sinus important clinically? This site is used to pass ligatures through for tying off circulation during cardiac surgery when the heart is placed on bypass.
Where does parietal serous pericardium reflect onto the heart to become visceral serous 
pericardium (epicardium)? At the base of the great vessels leaving the heart.
What is the clinical implication of the fibrous component of the pericardial sac? gives the pericardial sac its tough, unyielding nature such that overproduction or escape of fluid into sac will compress heart rather than expand sac causing heart to eject smaller cardiac volumes condition if left untreated is fatal.
List the 4 divisions of the circulatory system and the function of each? Pulmonary - reoxygenation of blood; coronary - blood supply to the heart muscle; systemic - blood supply to the body; portal - screening of intestinal blood containing ingested materials.
Outline the route of the pulmonary circulation. Blood returns deoxygenated to the right atrium, passes to right ventricle, passes through pulmonary trunk into pulmonary aa. out into lungs, reoxygenated in lung capillaries, leaves via the pulmonary vv. and is returned to the left atrium.
Created by: wiechartm
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