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FLREMS
Finger Lakes Medications
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Activated Charcoal - Classification | Cathartic/GI Absorbent |
| Activated Charcoal - Action | Binds toxic substances there by inhibiting GI absorption, enterohepatic circulation, and bioavailability. |
| Activated Charcoal - Indications | Ingested Poisions/Overdose |
| Activated Charcoal - Contraindications | AMS, inability to protect airway. Ineffective for alkali poisonings, cyanide, ethanol, iron, lithium, methanol, mineral acids, and organic solvents. Alcohol |
| Activated Charcoal - Adverse Effects | Vomiting, stoll discoloration, diarrhea, abdominal cramping and gloating, and constipation |
| Activated Charcoal - Dosage/Route | Adult: 50g PO Peds: 1g/kg up to 50g PO |
| Adenosine (Adenocard) - Classification | Antidysrhythmic, Endogenous Nucleoside |
| Adenosine (Adenocard) - Action | Slows conduction time through AV node, Interrupts re-entry pathways through AV and SA Nodes, "Chemical Valsalva" |
| Adenosine (Adenocard) - Indications | SVT - stable and unstable, PSVT associated with WPW, Undifferentiated wide complex tachycardia |
| Adenosine (Adenocard) - Contraindications | Ineffective for A-Fib/A-Flutter but maybe useful in identifying these conditions, Inhibited by methylxanthines (theophylline, caffeine), 2 degree/3 degree heart blocks, Sick sinus syndrome, Symptomic bradycardia, Poison/drug-ingested tachycardia |
| Adenosine (Adenocard) - Adverse Effects | Transient arrhythmias, chest pain, dizziness/light headedness Facial flushing, H/A, sweating, palpitations, hypotension, SOB, nausea |
| Adenosine (Adenocard) - Dosage/Route | Adult: 6mg initial rapid IVP, repeat 12mg rapid IVP times 2 Peds: 0.1mg/kg up to 6mg rapid IVP, repeat 0.2mg/kg up to 12mg rapid IVP |
| Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) - Classification | Beta-2 sympathomimetic, Adrenergic agonist |
| Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) - Action | Bronchodilation; Relaxation of bronchial tree smooth muscle decreasing airway resistance, facilitating mucus drainage, and increase vital capacity; Inhibits histamine release from mast cells thus reducing mucus secretion, capillary leaking, muscosal edema |
| Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) - Indications | Bronchoconstriction related to obstructive pulmonary disease or lower respiratory infection, Asthma, Reversible bronchospasm with COPD, Allergic reactions |
| Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) - Contraindications | Ineffective ventilation requiring BVM assistance, unless NEB can be placed in circuit without interference; symptomatic tachycardia; known hypersensitivity |
| Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) - Adverse Reactions | Tremor/Anxiety, tachycardia, palpitations, H/A, sweating, seizures, HTN, paradoxical bronchospasm |
| Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) - Dosage/Route | Adult: 2.5 - 5mg NEB Peds: 1.25 - 2.5mg NEB |
| Amiodarone (Cardarone) - Classification | Antiarrhythmic (Class III - potassium channel blocker) |
| Amiodarone (Cardarone) - Action | Prolong duration of the action potential and refractory period without significantly affecting the resting membrane potential; relaxes peripheral vascular resistance; increase coronary blood flow; blocks effects of sympathetic stimulation |
| Amiodarone (Cardarone) - Indications | Ventricular arrhythmias, VF/Pulseless VT, stable wide complex tachycardia; stable narrow complex tachycardia refactory to Adenosine, Diltiazem, or Metoprolol; post-conversion of VF/Pulseless VT |
| Amiodarone (Cardarone) - Contraindications | Cardiogenic shock, bradycardia, hypotension, 2 degree/3 degree HB, ventricular escape/idioventricular rhythms |
| Amiodarone (Cardarone) - Adverse Reactions | Hypotension, bradycardia, HB, dizziness H/A, sinus arrest, cardiogenic shock, N/V, Torsade de pointes, CHF, cyanosis, Asystole, ARDS |
| Amiodarone (Cardarone) - Dosage/Route | Cardiac Arrest: Adult: 300mg diluted in 20ml NS, IVP; Peds: 5mg/kg up to 300mg diluted in 20 NS, IVP;Other uses: Adult: 150mg diluted in 50-100ml NS infused over 15 minutes; Peds: 5mg/kg up to 150mg diluted in 50-100ml NS infused over 15 minutes |
| Aspirin - Classification | NSAID/Anticoagulant Analgesic, platelet inhibitor |
| Aspirin - Action | Blocks formation of thromboxane A2 which causes platelet aggregation and arterial constriction |
| Aspirin - Indications | ACS, cardiac chest pain |
| Aspirin - Contraindications | Allergy/Hypersensitivity, active bleeding, asthma |
| Aspirin - Adverse Reactions | Nausea, GI discomfort, N/V/D, heartburn, dizziness, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia |
| Aspirin - Dosage/Route | Adult: 324mg PO, chewed PEDS: None |
| Atropine - Classification | Parasympatholytic/Anticholinergic |
| Atropine - Action | Competitive anatgonist that selectively blocks all muscarinic responses to ACh, blocks vagal impulses to the heart that increases SA NODS discharge, enhances conduction through AV junction, increases CO, increases myocardial oxygen demand; antisecretory a |
| Atropine - Indications | Hemodynamically significant bradycardia, cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning from nerve agents or organophosphate insecticides |
| Atropine - Contraindications | Glaucoma, benign prostate hypertrophy, A-Fib/A-Flutter, active MI (relative contraindications), tachycardia, 2 degree Type 2 or 3 degree HB at His-Purkinje level |
| Atropine - Adverse Effects | Tachycardia (VT, AF, VF, palpitations), dilated pupils, drying mucus membranes, flushing of skin, N/V, H/A, HTN or hypotension |
| Atropine - Dosage/Route | Bradycardia-Adult: 0.5mg rapid IVP (max dose of 0.4mg/kg or 3mg) Peds: 0.02mg/kg (up to 1mg) rapid IVP Poisonings-Adult/Peds: 1mg IVP repeated until signs of atropinization appear (dryness of mucus membranes, skin flushing, pupillary dilation, tachyca |
| Calcium Chloride/Gluconate - Classification | Electrolyte |
| Calcium Chloride/Gluconate - Action | Acts as an activator in transmission of nerve impulses and contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle; useful in reversing cardiac arrhythmia e due to hyperkalemia; maintains cell membrane and capillary permeability |
| Calcium Chloride/Gluconate - Indications | Suspected hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, calcium channel overdose; Abdominal muscle spasm associated with spider bite and Portuguese man-o-war stings |
| Calcium Chloride/Gluconate - Contraindications | Digitalis use, hypercalcemia, VF, renal calculus |
| Calcium Chloride/Gluconate - Adverse Effects | Bradycardia, syncope, Asystole, hypotension, coma Warning: do not mix with/administer together with sodium bacarbonate, will produce insoluble precipitate |
| Calcium Chloride/Gluconate - Dosage/Route | Adult: 1g slow IVP Peds: 20mg/kg up to 1g slow IVP |
| Dexamethasone - Classification | Steroid |
| Dexamethasone - Action | Decrease inflammation by suppression of migration of PMN leukocytes, fibroblasts, reversal of increased capillary permeability and lysosomal stabilization |
| Dexamethasone - Indications | Adrenal insufficiency |
| Dexamethasone - Contraindications | Systemic infections, psychosis, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, amebiasis, fungal infections, non-asthmatic bronchial disease, children under 2 years old, AIDS, TB |
| Dexamethasone - Adverse Effects | Steroid psychosis, depression, flushing, sweating. HTN, circulatory collapse, thrombophlebitis, embolism, N/V/D, abdominal distention. GI hemorrhage, increase appetite, pancreatitis, thrombocytopenia |
| Dexamethasone - Dosage/Route | Adult: 4mg IVP Peds: 0.3mg/kg up to 4mg IVP |
| Dextrose 12.5%, 25%, 50% - Classification | Hypoglycemic, Carbohydrate |
| Dextrose 12.5%, 25%, 50% - Action | Provides principle glucose used by body to create energy |
| Dextrose 12.5%, 25%, 50% - Indications | Hypoglycemia |
| Dextrose 12.5%, 25%, 50% - Contraindications | None |
| Dextrose 12.5%, 25%, 50% - Adverse Effects | Tissue necrosis in event of extravasation; pain and burning at injection site |
| Dextrose 12.5%, 25%, 50% - Dosage/Route | Adult: 50ml 50% solution, slow IVP Peds: less than 1 month: 4ml/kg 12.5% solution 1 month - 2 years: 2ml/kg 25% solution 6 years or greater: 1ml/kg 50% solution up to 50ml |
| Diltiazem (Cardizem) - Classification | Anti arrhythmic (Class IV - calcium channel blocker) |
| Diltiazem (Cardizem) - Action | Inhibits calcium ion influx through slow channels into myocardial cells and arterial smooth muscle thus reducing cell excitation & contraction, slows AV & SA Node conduction without affecting normal action potential/intraventricular conduction |
| Diltiazem (Cardizem) - Indications | SVT, A-Fib/A-Flutter refractory to Adenosine, PSVT refractory to Adenosine |
| Diltiazem (Cardizem) - Contraindications | Hypotension, 2 degree/3 degree HB, bradycardia, heart failure, Wolff-Parkinson White with A-Fib, cardiogenic shock, sick sinus syndrome, VT, poision/drug-induced tachycardias |
| Diltiazem (Cardizem) - Adverse Effects | Hypotension, AV heart block, bradycardia, H/A, dizziness, CHF, flushing, N/V |
| Diltiazem (Cardizem) - Dosage/Route | Adult: 15 - 20mg slow IVP |
| Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) - Classification | Antihistamine (H1 antagonist) |
| Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) - Action | Binds to histamine receptor sites to prevent further allergic reaction, causes sedation, causes anticholinergic effect |
| Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) - Indications | Allergic reactions, Anaphylactic shock, medication-related dystonia |
| Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) - Contraindications | None |
| Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) - Adverse Effects | Drowsiness, paradoxical excitement in children, drying/thickening of bronchial secretions, dry mouth, hypotension; seizures, coma, death (toxic) |
| Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) - Dosage/Route | Adult: 50mg IM/IVP Peds: 1mg/kg up to 50mg IM/IVP |
| Dopamine (Intropin) - Classification | Sympathomimetic/Adrenergic Agonist Natural Catecholamine |
| Dopamine (Intropin) - Acton | Low Dose: Selectively dilates blood vessels supplying brain, kidneys, heart, & GI tract; Medium Dose: Increases CO (beta), contractility (inotropic), SV, BP; High Dose: Causes vasoconstriction (alpha), heart rate (chronotropic) |
| Dopamine (Intropin) - Indications | Non-hypovolemic hypotension, hemodynamically significant bradycardia, cardiogenic shock |
| Dopamine (Intropin) - Contraindications | Tachycardia, HTN, hypovolemic shock, acute MI (relative), pheochromocytoma, VF |
| Dopamine (Intropin) - Adverse Effects | Tachycardia or palpitations, HTN or hypotension, chest pain, increase myocardial oxygen, ventricular irritability |
| Dopamine (Intropin) - Dosage/Route | Adult/Peds: 5 - 20mcg/kg IV infusion titrated to effect (use of IV flow regulating/limiting device is required. Ex. Dial-A-Drip) |
| Epinephrine - Classification | Sympathomimetic/Adrenergic Agent Natural Catecholamine |
| Epinephrine - Action | B1 = Increases SBP, HR, CO B2 = Dilate bronchial smooth muscle, inhibit mucus secretion Alpha = Bronchoconstriction, inhibit histamine release, arterioconstriction |
| Epinephrine - Indications | Cardiac arrest, Anaphylatic shock, hemodynamically significant bradycardia, Bronchoconstriction from asthma or COPD exacerbation |
| Epinephrine - Contraindications | None in cardiac arrest/anaphylactic shock, do not give through same IV as bicarbonate 1:1000 - cardiovascular disease, HTN, pregnancy, tachyarrhythmias 1:10,000 - narrow-angle glaucoma; hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock |
| Epinephrine - Adverse Effects | Tachycardia, HTN, chest pain, anxiety/tremor, increase myocardial oxygen requirements, H/A, N/V |
| Epinephrine - Dosage/Route | Cardiac Arrest: Adult: 1mg 1:10,000 IVP Peds: 0.01 mg/kg 1:10,000 (up to 1 mg) IVP; Anaphylactic Shock: Adult: 0.3mg 1:1000 IM, Peds: 0.01mg/kg 1:1000 (up to 0.3mg) IM; Bradycardia: Adult: 2-10mcg IV infusion titrated to effect; Bronchoconstriction: Adult |
| Epinephrine Auto-Injector (Epi-pen) - Classification | Sympathomimetic/Adrenergic Agonist |
| Epinephrine Auto-Injector (Epi-pen) - Action | B1: strengthen myocardial contraction; increases SBP, HR, CO B2: dilate bronchial smooth muscle, inhibit mucus secretion Alpha: Bronchoconstriction, inhibit histamine release, arterioconstriction |
| Epinephrine Auto-Injector (Epi-pen) - Indications | Anaphylactic shock with respiratory/circulatory shock |
| Epinephrine Auto-Injector (Epi-pen) - Contraindications | None |
| Epinephrine Auto-Injector (Epi-pen) - Adverse Effects | Tachycardia, HTN, chest pain, anxiety/tremor, increases myocardial requirements |
| Epinephrine Auto- Injector (Epi-pen) - Dosage/Route | Adult: 0.3mg IM Peds: 0.15mg IM |
| Etomidate (Amidate) - Classification | Hypnotic/Sedative |
| Etomidate (Amidate) - Action | Produces rapid induction of anesthesia |
| Etomidate (Amidate) - Indications | Sedation for rapid sequence intubation (RSI) |
| Etomidate (Amidate) - Contraindications | Hypersensitivity, Adrenal insufficiency |
| Etomidate (Amidate) - Adverse Effects | Adrenal insufficiency, hypotension, myoclonic skeletal muscle movements, apnea, eye movements, nausea |
| Etomidate (Amidate) - Dosage/Route | Adult: 0.3mg/kg IVP (up to 40mg) |
| Fentanyl - Classification | Opiate analgesic |
| Fentanyl - Action | Inhibits ascending pain pathways in CNS, increases pain threshold |
| Fentanyl - Indications | Moderate to severe pain |
| Fentanyl - Contraindications | Respiratory depression, hypersensitivity, myasthenia gravis |
| Fentanyl - Adverse Effects | Respiratory depression, sedation, respiratory arrest, laryngospasm, bradycardia, cardiac arrest, hypotension/HTN, miosis |
| Fentanyl - Dosage/Route | Adult: 25 - 50mcg IVP Peds: 1mcg/kg (up to 25mcg) IVP |
| Furosemide (Lasix) - Classification | Loop diuretic |
| Furosemide (Lasix) - Action | Rapid-acting potent sulfonamide loop diuretic and antihypertensive, Inhibits reabsorption of NA and CL primarily in Loop of Henle thus increasing excretion of water and ions, reduces cardiac preload through vasodilation thus decreasing cardiac workload |
| Furosemide (Lasix) - Indications | Acute pulmonary edema, CHF |
| Furosemide (Lasix) - Contraindications | Allergy to sulfa drugs, pregnancy, dehydration, hypovolemia, hypokalemia |
| Furosemide (Lasix) - Adverse Effects | Hypotension, hypokalemia, postural hypotension, dizziness, dehydration, N/V, tinnitus (feeling of fullness in ears), hyperglycemia, increase sweating, blurred vision |
| Furosemide (Lasix) - Dosage/Route | Adult: 20 - 80mg IVP |
| Glucagon - Classification | Endogenous hormone, polypeptide |
| Glucagon - Action | Converts stored glycogen to glucose, inhibits synthesis of glycogen from glucose, increases heart rate and myocardial contractility, improves AV conduction |
| Glucagon - Indications | Hypoglycemia without IV access, beta blocker overdose |
| Glucagon - Contraindications | Hypersensitivity, ineffective in states of starvation/absent glycogen stores in liver |
| Glucagon - Adverse Effects | N/V, tachycardia, HTN, dizziness, H/A, hypotension, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia |
| Glucagon - Dosage/Route | Adult: 1mg IM Peds: 0.1mg/kg up to 1mg IM |
| Glucose Gel/Tablets (Instant Glucose)- Classification | Hyperglycemic |
| Glucose Gel/Tablet (Instant Glucose) - Action | Increase blood sugar |
| Glucose Gel/Tablet (Instant Glucose) - Indications | Hypoglycemia |
| Glucose Gel/Tablet (Instant Glucose) - Contraindications | AMS without inability to protect airway |
| Glucose Gel/Tablet (Instant Glucose) - Adverse Effects | None |
| Glucose Gel/Tablet (Instant Glucose) - Dosage/Route | Adults & Peds: 15g buccal or sublingual |
| Haloperidol (Haldol) - Classification | Neuroleptic, antipsychotic, major tranquilizer |
| Haloperidol (Haldol) - Action | Blocks dopamine receptors in brain responsible for mood & behavior; depresses cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, limbic system which control activity & aggression; exhibits strong alpha-adrenergic, anticholingeric blocking action; has antiemetic properties |
| Haloperidol (Haldol) - Indications | Combativeness associated with behavioral emergencies/psychosis |
| Haloperidol (Haldol) - Contraindications | CNS depression, non-psychosis related dementia, Parkinson's disease, presence of other sedatives, angina, epilepsy, narrow-angle glaucoma, children under 3 years old |
| Haloperidol (Haldol) - Adverse Effects | Dystonia/extrapyramidal reaction, drowsiness, respiratory depression, seizures, tachycardia, dry mouth, N/V, H/A |
| Haloperidol (Haldol) - Dosage/Route | Adult: 2.5 - 10mg IVP |
| Ipratropium (Atrovent) - Classification | Parasympatholytic bronchodilator, anticholinergic |
| Ipratropium (Atrovent) - Action | Acts directly on bronchial tree smooth muscle by inhibiting ACh @ receptor sites resulting in bronchodilation & decrease secretions; abolishes vagally mediated reflex bronchospasm by inhaled irritants & inflammatory mediators |
| Ipratropium (Atrovent) - Indications | Bronchoconstriction from asthma and COPD |
| Ipratropium (Atrovent)- Contraindication | Hypersensitivity to atropine, glaucoma, tachycardia, benign prostate hypertrophy (BRH) |
| Ipratropium (Atrovent) - Adverse Effects | Tachycardia, dry mouth, blurred vision, nausea, H/A, bitter taste, exacerbation of symptoms |
| Ipratropium (Atrovent) - Dosage/Route | Adult: 0.5mg Neb (must be used in combination with albuterol) |
| Ketamine (Ketalar, Class III)- Classification | Hypnotic, sedative |
| Ketamine (Ketalar, Class III) - Action | Non-competitive antagonism of glutamate @ NMDA receptor, interacts with morphine receptors |
| Katamine (Ketalar, Class III) - Indications | Procedural sedation, behavioral/psychiatric emergencies |
| Katamine (Ketalar, Class III) - Contraindications | HTN, stroke, head trauma, increase ICP, cardiac decompensation |
| Katamine (Ketalar, Class III) - Adverse Effects | Hypotension, bradycardia, dystonia/extrapyramidal reactions, increase salivary/bronchial secretions |
| Ketamine (Ketalar, Class III) - Doasge/Route | Adult: 5mg/kg IV |
| Lidocaine (Xylocaine) - Classification | Antiarrhythmic Class Ib - sodium channel blocker |
| Lidocaine (Xylocaine) - Action | Suppresses automaticity in His-Purkinje system, elevates electrical stimulation threshold of ventricle during diastole, lowers threshold for defibrillation and cardioversion |
| Lidocaine (Xylocaine) - Indications | Ventricular arrhythmias (VF/VT), post conversion of VF/VT, RSI premedication |
| Lidocaine (Xylocaine) - Contraindications | Hypotension, 2/3 degree HB, idioventricular rhythm, bradycardia, hypersensitivity to amide-type anesthetics, Strokes-Adams syndrome |
| Lidocaine (Xylocaine) - Adverse Effects | Seizures, paresthesias, decrease HR, dizziness, light-headedness, irritability; numbness of tongue & lips; difficulty breathing/swallowing; muscular twitching tremors |
| Lidocaine (Xylocaine) - Dosage/Route | Cardiac Arrest: Adult/Peds: 1-1.5mg/kg IVP Pre RSI w/ head injury: 1mg/kg IVP Other: Adult/Peds: 0.5-0.75mg/kg IVP followed by IV infusion per med control |
| Lidocaine (Xylocaine) - Drip Rate in 1g/250cc | 1mg/min = 15gtts/min 2mg/min = 30gtts/min 3mg/min = 45gtts/min 4mg/min = 60gtts/min |
| Lorazepam (Ativan)Class IV - Classification | Benzodiazepine, sedative, hypnotic, skeletal muscle relaxant |
| Lorazepam (Ativan) Class IV - Action | Mediated by inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, suppresses spread of seizure activity through motor cortex, amnestic effects |
| Lorazepam (Ativan) Class IV - Indications | Seizures, procedural sedation, behavioral/psychiatric emergencies |
| Lorazepam (Ativan) Class IV - Contraindications | Respiratory depression, alcohol intoxication, pregnancy/nursing moms |
| Lorazepam (Ativan) Class IV - Adverse Effects | Respiratory depression, amnesia, drowsiness, confusion, HTN or hypotension, hallucinations, weakness |
| Lorazepam (Ativan) Class IV - Dosage/Route | Adult: 1-2mg IV/IM Peds: 0.1mg IV/IM (up to 2mg) |
| Magnesium Sulfate - Classification | Smooth muscle relaxant, electrolyte |
| Magnesium Sulfate - Action | Physiologic calcium channel blocker and blocks neuromuscular transmission, CNS depressant; depresses smooth, skeletal, & cardiac muscle function; decrease amount of ACh |
| Magnesium Sulfate - Indications | Refractory VF/VT, Torsades de pointes, toxemia/eclamptic seizures, bronchoconstriction due to asthma, hypomagnesemia |
| Magnesium Sulfate - Contraindications | Hypotension, renal disease, hypocalcemia, heart block, shock, persistent HTN |
| Magnesium Sulfate - Adverse Effects | Hypotension, CNS depression, confusion, muscle weakness, depressed reflexes, flushing, complete HB |
| Magnesium Sulfate - Dosage/Route | Cardiac Arrest: Adult: 1-2g IVP Peds: 25-50mg/kg Other: Adult: 1-2g diluted in 50-100ml NS infused of 15-20 minutes Peds: 25-50mg/kg (max 2g) infused over 15-20 minutes |
| Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) - Classification | Corticosteroid |
| Methlyprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) - Action | Decrease inflammation by suppression of migration of PMN leukocytes and fibroblasts, reversal of increase capillary permeability and lysosomal stabiliztion |
| Methlyprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) - Indications | Status asthmaticus, severe anaphylactic shock, adrenal insufficiency |
| Methlyprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) - Contraindications | Known hypersensitivity, psychosis, thrombocytopenia, acute glomerulonephritis, amebiasis, non-asthmatic bronchial disease, AIDS, TB, fungal infections, children under 2 years old |
| Methlyprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) - Adverse Effects | N/V, hyperglycemia |
| Methlyprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) - Dosage/Route | Adult: 125mg IV Peds: 1mg/kg up to 125mg IV |
| Metoprolol (Lopressor) - Classification | Sympatholytic/Beta antagonist, antiarrhythmic |
| Metoprolol (Lopressor) - Action | Selectively blocks B2-adrenergic receptors, lowers BP by B-blocking effects |
| Metoprolol (Lopressor) - Indications | SVT, narrow complex tachycardias, MAT, PAT, PSVT, A-Fib |
| Metoprolol (Lopressor) - Contraindications | CHF, 2/3 degree HB, cardiogenic shock, hypotension, bradycardia, suspected recent cocaine use, asthma |
| Metoprolol (Lopressor) - Adverse Effects | Hypotenstion, bradycardia, bronchospasm, CHF, palpitations |
| Metoprolol (Lopressor) - Dosage/Route | Adult: 5mg slow IVP repeat every 5 minutes to 15 max PRN |
| Midazolam (Versed) Class IV - Classification | Benzodiazepine, Sedative |
| Midazolam (Versed) Class IV - Action | Relaxes skeletal muscles by intensifying activity of GABA (gamma-aminobenzoic acid) |
| Midazolam (Versed) Class IV - Indications | Seizures, procedural sedation, behavioral/psychiatric emergencies, post-intubation sedation |
| Midazolam (Versed) Class IV - Contraindications | Respiratory depression, hypotension, alcohol intoxication, glaucoma, shock |
| Midazolam (Versed) Class IV - Adverse Effects | Respiratory depression, hypotension, amnesia, H/A, confusion, nystagmus, pinpoint pupils |
| Midazolam (Versed) Class IV - Dosage/Route | Adult/Peds: 0.1mg/kg up to 4mg IV/IM |
| Morphine Sulfate Class II - Classification | Opiate analgesic, CNS depressant |
| Morphine Sulfate Class II - Action | Ads on opiate receptors in brain to produce analgesia & sedation, causes vasodilation which increases peripheral venous capacitance & reduces venous return, reduces cardiac workload & decrease myocardial oxygen demand, thus reducing infarct size, relaxes |
| Morphine Sulfate Class II - Indications | Pain, cardiac chest pain, CHF, non-cardiac pain management |
| Morphine Sulfate Class II - Contraindications | Hypotension, respiratory depression, N/V, undiagnosed head injury/acute abdomen, shock, pulmonary diseases, chemically induced pulmonary edema |
| Morphine Sulfate Class II - Adverse Effects | Respiratory depression, hypotension, N/V |
| Morphine Sulfate Class II - Dosage/Route | Adult: 1-5mg IV/IM repeat PRN Peds: 0.1mg/kg up to 5mg IV/IM |
| Naloxone (Narcan) - Classification | Opiate antagonist |
| Naloxone (Narcan) - Action | Competes for and displaces narcotic molecules from opiate receptors in the brain |
| Naloxone (Narcan) - Indications | Actual or suspected opiate overdose |
| Naloxone (Narcan) - Contraindications | Opiate habituation (relative) |
| Naloxone (Narcan) - Adverse Effects | N/V, opiate withdrawal, increase BP, hyperventilation, sweating, tachycardia |
| Naloxone (Narcan) - Dosage/Route | Adult: 0.4-2mg IV/IM/Intranasal Peds: 0.1mg/kg up to 2mg IV/IM/Intranasal |
| Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat, Nitro-Bid) - Classification | Nitrate |
| Nitroglycerine (Noitrostat, Nitro-Bid) - Action | Relaxes vascular smooth muscle, promotes peripheral pooling of blood, reduction of peripheral resistance, decrease venous return to the heart, decrease left ventricular preload & afterload, decrease myocardial oxygen demand |
| Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat, Nitro-Bid) - Indications | Acute coronary syndromes, chest pain, acute CHF, pulmonary edema |
| Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat, Nitro-Bid) - Contraindications | Hypotension, head injury, right sided MI (relative), bradycardia, use of erectile dysfunction meds in last 48 hours, severe anemia, glaucoma, shock |
| Nitroglycerine (Notrostat, Nitro0Bid) - Adverse Effects | H/A, flushing, hypotension, dizziness, dry mouth, postural hypotension, palpitations, paradoxical bradycardia, syncope |
| Ondansetron (Zofran) - Classification | Antiemetic |
| Ondansetron (Zofran) - Action | Selectively antagonizes serotonin 5-HT3 receptors |
| Ondansetron (Zofran) - Indications | Nausea, vomiting |
| Ondansetron (Zofran) - Contraindications | Hypersensitivity, patients under 40kg |
| Ondansetron (Zofran) - Adverse Effects | Respiratory depression, hypotension, QT prolongation, Anaphylaxis, bronchospasms, extrapyramidal symptoms, blurred vision or temporary blindness, fever, slow HR, trouble breathing, anxiety, drowsiness, light-headed, weakness |
| Ondansetron (Zofran) - Dosage/Route | Adult: 4mg IV |
| Oxygen - Classification | Elemental gas |
| Oxygen - Action | Binds with hemoglobin to travel to cells |
| Oxygen - Indications | Respiratory distress, actual/suspected tissue hypoxia, shock, ACS, CVA/stroke |
| Oxygen - Contraindications | None |
| Oxygen - Adverse Effects | Respiratory depression in COPD patients |
| Oxygen - Dosage/Route | Adults: 2-6 lpm NC or 10-15 lpm NRB Peds: 10-15 lpm NRB or blow by |
| Promethazine (Phenergan) - Classification | Antihistamine (H1 agonist), antiemetic |
| Promethazine (Phenergan) - Action | Mild anticholingeric activity, antiemetic, potentiates actions of vomiting |
| Promethazine (Phenergan) - Indications | N/V, motion sickness, to potentiate effect of analgesics |
| Promethazine (Phenergan) - Contraindications | Patients under 2 years old, caution with head injury, coma, acute asthma attack, lower respiratory tract disease, patients who have received large amounts of depressants |
| Promethazine (Phenergan) - Adverse Effects | AMS, respiratory depression, tissue necrosis (dilute in 20mg NS), drownsiness, dizziness |
| Promethazine (Phenergan) - Dosage/Route | Adult: 6.25-12.5mg IV |
| Sodium Bicarbonate - Classification | Alkalinizing agent, electrolyte |
| Sodium Bicarbonate - Action | Raises pH of blood plasma by buffering excess hydrogen ions (acidosis) |
| Sodium Bicarbonate - Indications | Metabolic acidosis, selected drug overdose (Tricyclic anti-depressants, barbiturate), suspected hyperkalemia with rhythm changes, prolonged arrest |
| Sodium Bicarbonate - Contraindications | Respiratory acidosis/inability to ventilate |
| Sodium Bicarbonate - Adverse Effects | Iatrogenic metabolic alkalosis, don't administer through same IV as epinephrine/dopamine (inactivates catecholamines), don't administer together with calcium chloride, will produce insoluble precipitate |
| Sodium Bicarbonate - Dosage/Route | Adult/Peds: 1mEq/kg IV |
| Succinylcholine (Anectine, Quelecin) - Classification | Deplorizing neuromuscular blocking agent |
| Succinylcholine (Anetine, Quelecin) - Action | Combines with cholinergic receptors of the motor end plate to produce depolarization thus inhibiting subsequent neuromuscular transmission |
| Succinylcholine (Anetine, Quelecin) - Indications | Induction of paralysis for rapid sequence intubation (RSI) |
| Succinylcholine (Anetine, Quelecin) - Contraindications | Hyperkalemia, renal failure, burn/crush injury greater than 24 hours, degenerative neuromuscular disease, obvious facial/neck deformities which indicate inability to intubate, malignant hyperthermia, glaucoma, penetrating eye injuries |
| Succinylcholine (Anetine, Quelecin) - Adverse Effects | Hyperkalemia, malignant hyperthermia, fasciculations, bradycardia/tachycardia, hypotension/HTN, dysrhythmias, excessive salivation, increase ICP, increase IOP, increase gastric pressure |
| Succinylcholine (Anetine, Quelecin) - Dosage/Route | Adult: 1-2mg/kg IV/IM |
| Vasopressin - Classification | Endogenous hormone, vasopressor |
| Vasopressin - Action | Increase peripheral vascular resistance |
| Vasopressin - Indications | Cardiac arrest, VF/pulseless VT |
| Vasopressin - Contraindications | None |
| Vasopressin - Adverse Effects | HTN, fluid retention, tremor, sweating, vertigo, abdominal cramps/has, N/V, drowsiness/light-headedness, H/A, seizures, coma |
| Vasopressin - Dosage/Route | 40 units IV |
| Vecuronium - Classification | Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent |
| Vecuronium - Action | Inhibits transmission of nerve impulses by binding with cholinergic receptor sites, antagonizing action of acetycholine |
| Vecuronium - Indications | Maintenance of paralysis following rapid sequence intubation (RSI) |
| Vecuronium - Contraindications | Airway not secured with intubation/supraglottic airway |
| Vecuronium - Adverse Effects | Hypersensitivity, respiratory apnea |
| Vecuronium - Dosage/Route | Adult: 0.1mg/kg up to 10mg IV |
Created by:
abryantatc
Popular Paramedic/EMT sets