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goelogy unit 2

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QuestionAnswer
chemical structure of earth crust,mantel, core
Mechanical structure of earth Lithosphere, aesthenosphere, Mesosphere, outer core, inner core.
continental drift theory developed by Alfred Wegener in 1912. The theory of continental drift was superseded by the theory of plate tectonics, which builds upon and better explains why the continents move.
Wegner made up Continental drift theory
sea floor spreading process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge.
magnetic stripping When this magma is ejected from the mantle and begins forming new crust, these materials align to the earth's magnetic field. The crust hardens, and the magnetic alignment is fixed. The magnetic fields are visible in strips of material.
tectonic plates Australian, pacific, n. American, s. American, Nazca, African, Eurasian, Antarctic.
divergent boundary boundaries between plates that move away from each other. Continental vs. Continental. creates ridge or valley. No earthquakes. Ridge.
convergent boundary (Subduction) convergent boundary (colliding) -colliding plates. oceanic vs oceanic. or Continental vs oceanic. ocean goes under land. volcanic. no quakes. subduction. -continental vs continental. forms mountains. earthquakes. collision.
Transform boundary Sliding plates. causes earthquakes. all plates. ridge.
convection Mantle convection is the slow creeping motion of Earth's rocky mantle caused by convection currents carrying heat from the interior of the Earth to the surface.
Pangaea Pangaea was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras, forming about 300 million years ago and beginning to rift around 200 million years ago.
Isostacy the state of gravitational equilibrium between the earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere such that the tectonic plates "float" at an elevation which depends on their thickness and density.
compression a set of stresses directed toward the center of a rock mass
tension a stress which stretches rocks in two opposite directions.
shear stress Shear stress is the stress component parallel to a given surface, such as a fault plane, that results from forces applied parallel to the surface or from remote forces transmitted through the surrounding rock.
normal fault planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement along the fractures as a result of earth movement.
reverse fault A fault in which the hanging wall has moved upward relative to the footwall.
thrust fault A reverse fault in which the fault plane is inclined at an angle equal to or less than 45°.
folds occurs when one or a stack of originally flat and planar surfaces, such as sedimentary strata, are bent or curved as a result of permanent deformation.
strike slip fault Strike-slip faults are vertical fractures where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally.it strikes and slips.
mountain ranges continental collisions.
mountain belt A large land form that stretches above the surrounding land.
folded mountain mountains formed mainly by the effects of folding on layers within the upper part of the Earth's crust.
flat back mountain mountains with flat tops.
dome mountain a mountain range resulting from dissection of a structural dome
volcano A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or crust, which allows hot magma, volcanic ash and gases to escape from the magma chamber below the surface. Volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging.
Created by: 100001360265996
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