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Adrenal Gland

Clin Chem Exam 2

QuestionAnswer
What are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex? zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis
Zona glomerulosa is related to what hormone? Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
Zona fasciculata is related to what hormone? Cortisol (glucocorticoid)
Zone reticularis is related to what hormone? Androgens
Where are the aromatic amines located? adrenal medulla
Cortisol is highest at what time of day? 8-10am
Synthesis and release of corticosteroids is stimulated by ________ ACTH
_______ plasma cortisol is bound to CBG 90%
Adrenal tumor lab values decreased ACTH, decreased CRF, increased cortisol
Adrenal nodular hyperplasia lab values Massive amounts of cortisol produced
Pituitary Cushings syndrome increased ACTH, increased cortisol, decreased CRF
Aldosterone is synthesized in the ________________ zone glomerulosa
Aldosterone is controlled by the __________ system renin-angiotensin system
Primary Conn's disease (hyperaldosteronism) is due to what? overproduction of adrenal cortex (inc aldosterone, inc Na retention, inc hypertension)
Secondary Conn's disease is caused by CHF, nephrotic syndrome, increased renin production, cirrhosis
In the zone reticularis, hormone synthesis is under the control of ____________ ACTH
common defect in the zona reticularis is __________________ androgenital syndrome (21-hydroxylase deficiency)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is due to __________ an inherited defect in the genes of 1 or several steroids.
What is the most common deficiency in congenital adrenal hyperplasia? 21-hydroxylase followed by 11B-hydroxylase
Lab results for congenital adrenal hyperplasia? Decreased cortisol and aldosterone, increased ACTH and androgens
Diagnosis for congenital adrenal hyperplasia? Increased plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone
Testosterone is metabolized into what? (2) Dihydrotestosterone and androtenedione
What are the 17-ketosteroids? metabolites of androgens secreted by both the testes and the adrenal gland
What method is best to measure 17-KS? Zimmerman reaction at 520nm-------purple compound
The adrenal medulla contains ________________ catecholamines
2 major catecholemines are : epinephrine and norepinephrine which are synthesized from phenylalanine
Catecholamines are ____________ biologically active 100%------------half life of 1min
Catecholamines are rapidly metabolized by ____________ catechol-O methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase
What is the primary metabolite of epinephrine and norepinephrine? VMA
Catecholamines are metabolized to ___________ and ____________ metanephrine and VMA
What is pheochromacytoma? Tumor of the chromatin cells of the adrenal medulla due to increased epinephrine and norepinephrine
How to diagnose pheocytochroma? Elevated plasma catecholamines and increased urinary VMA and metnaephrines
Created by: aenewsom
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