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Urinary System
Chapter 18 Anatomy & Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The process of eliminating wastes from the body | Excretion |
| located in a concave notch in the medial side of the kidneys | Hilum |
| Structures enter and leave the kidney through a slit called | Hilum |
| A tough ________ surrounds each kidney | Fibrous Capsule |
| The Site of urine production | Renal Cortex |
| Forms the outer region of the kidneys | Renal Cortex |
| The site of urine collection | Renal Medulla |
| Forms the inner region of the kidneys | Renal Medulla |
| Extensions from the cortex that divide the interior region into cone-shaped sections | Renal Columns |
| the cone-shaped sections in the kidney | Renal Pyramids |
| Consist of tubules for transporting urine away for the cortex | Renal Pyramids |
| The base of each __________ faces outward toward the cortex | Renal Pyramids |
| The point of the Renal Pyramid is called | Renal Papilla |
| Faces the hilum in the kidneys | Renal Papilla |
| Renal papilla extends into a cup called | Minor Calyx |
| Collects urine leaving the papilla | Minor Calyx |
| Two or Three minor calyces join together to form a | Major Calyx |
| the major calyces converge to form the | Renal Pelvis |
| Receives urine from the major calyces | Renal Pelvis |
| the renal pelvis continues as the | Ureter |
| A tube-like structure that channels urine to the urinary bladder | Ureter |
| Branches off the abdominal aorta | Renal Artery |
| Brings blood to the kidneys | Renal Artery |
| Blood eventually leaves the kidney through the | Renal Vein |
| The filtration units of the kidney | Nephrons |
| lie in the kidney's outer region, where they extend the cortex and medulla. | Nephrons |
| Supplies blood to one nephron | Afferent Arterioles |
| Each afferent arterioles branches into a cluster of capillaries called | Glomerulus |
| enclosed by the bowmen's capsule | Glomerulus |
| Surrounds the Glomerulus | Bowmen's Capsule |
| Blood leaves the glomerulus though | Efferent Arterioles |
| the efferent arterioles leads to a network of capillaries around the renal tubules called | Peritubular Capillaries |
| these pick up water and solutes reabsorbed by the renal tubules | Peritubular Capillaries |
| Known as the beginning of the nephron | Renal Corpuscle |
| Consists of the glomerulus and the Bowmen's capsule | Renal Corpuscle |
| Also known as the Glomerulus Capsule | Bowmen's Capsule |
| Consists of two layers of epithelial cells that envelope the glomerulus in an open-ended covering | Bowmen's Capsule |
| Leading away from the glomerulus are a series of tube-like structures that collectively are called | Renal Tubule |
| After returning to the cortex, the ascending limb coils again, forming the | Distal Tubule |
| Arising from directly from the Bowmen's capsule | Proximal Tubule |
| Consists of a descending limb and ascending limb | Loop of Henle |
| Receives drainage from the distal tubules of several different nephrons | Collecting duct |
| Passes into a renal pyramid, where it merges with other ducts to form one __________ | Collecting duct |
| The amount of fluid filtered by both kidneys | Glomerular Filtration Rate |
| equals 180 liters each day | Glomerular Filtration Rate |
| the presence of finding protein in the urine | Proteinuria |
| A key mechanism for maintaining blood pressure and, therefore, a steady glomerular filtration rate | Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system |
| Specialized cells in the afferent arterioles | Juxtaglomerular Cells |
| Renin coverts the inactive plasma protein _________ (made in the liver) into Angiotensin I | Angiotensinogen |
| Angiotensin I circulates to the lungs, where __________ (ACE) converts into Angiotensin II | Angiotensin-converting Enzyme |
| Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete | Aldosterone |
| Process whereby chemicals are removed from filtrate in the renal tubules and returned to the blood | Tubular Reabsorption |
| Process whereby chemicals are added to the filtrate in the renal tubules | Tubular Secretion |
| Passage of large amounts of urine | Diuresis |
| Increase reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+, Increase Blood pressure | Aldosterone |
| Increase reabsorption of H2O, Increase Blood Pressure | Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) |
| Decrease reabsorption of Na+, Decreases Blood Pressure | Atrial Natriuretic peptide (ANP) |
| an examination of the characteristics of urine | Urinalysis |
| A high Ph Reflects | Alkalosis |
| A low ph indicates | Acidosis |
| A urine output of less then 400 ml/day | Oliguria |
| Urines yellow color results from pigment _________ | Urochrome |
| A byproduct of the breakdown of hemoglobin in worn-out red blood cells | Urochrome |
| Connecting the renal pelvis of each kidney with the bladder are slender, muscular tubes called | Ureters |
| A collapsible muscular sac that sits behind the symphysis pubis and s below the peritoneal membrane | Urinary Bladder |
| In Women, this resides in front of the vagina and uterus | Urinary Bladder |
| In Men, this Resides on top of the prostate gland | Urinary Bladder |
| The Wall of the Bladder | Detrusor Muscle |
| Folds in the bladder | Rugae |
| Triangular-shaped, smooth area on the floor of the bladder | Trigone |
| infections commonly attack this area of the bladder | Trigone |
| At the point where the urethra leaves the bladder , a ring of smooth muscle forms the | Internal Urethral Sphincter |
| this Sphincter contracts involuntarily to retain urine in the bladder | Internal Urethral Sphincter |
| exists where the urethra passes through the pelvic floor | External Urinary Sphincter |
| this sphincter consists of skeletal muscle and is under voluntary control | External Urinary Sphincter |
| A small tube that conveys urine away from the bladder and out of the body | Urethra |
| the opening of the urethra leading to the outside of the body | External Urinary Meatus |
| Females are particularly prone to urinary tract infections because of the bacteria called | Escherichia Coli |
| Also called Micturition | Urination |
| begins when the external sphincter muscle of the bladder voluntarily relaxes and the detrusor muscle of the bladder contracts | Urination |
| Hormone that inhabits diuresis by stimulating the kidney to conserve water | Antidiuretic |
| U-Shaped portion of the renal tubule | Loop of Henle |
| Measurement that indicates the amount of solid matter in a liquid | Specific Gravity |
| Enzyme released by the kidneys in response to a drop in blood pressure that causes the conversion of angiotensinogen into angiotensin I | Renin |
| the location where blood vessels, nerves and ureter enter and leave the kidney. | Hilum |
| The portion of the nephron in charge of making urine | Renal Tubule |
| Most sodium is reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate in the: | Proximal Tubule |
| many diuretics work by blocking tubular reabsorption of: | Sodium |
Created by:
Leci81
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