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Phlebotomy
Phlebotomy 115 Week 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Normal Flora | Microorganisms in our digestive and respiratory tracts, on our skin, and in our vaginal area |
| Nosocomial Infection | Hospital aquired, develops after 48-72 hrs or more. Most common is UTI from urinary catheters |
| Ethyl Alcohol | Antiseptic for skin |
| Isopropyl Alcohol | Antiseptic for skin |
| Chlorine | Disinfectant for wounds |
| Hydrogen Peroxide | Antiseptic for skin |
| Iodine | Antiseptic for skin |
| Chlorhexidine | Antiseptic for skin |
| Hexylresorcinol | Antiseptic for skin |
| 1-2% Phenols | Disinfectant |
| Chlorophenol | Disinfectant (toxic) |
| Mode of Transmission | Direct contact, air, medical instruments, other objects, and other vectors |
| Pathogens | Disease causing bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites, non-normal flora |
| Chain of Infection | Source, Mode of Transmission, Susceptible Host |
| Source | 1st link in the Chain of Infection |
| Mode of Transmission | 2nd link in the Chain of Infection |
| Susceptible Host | 3rd link in the Chain of Infection |
| Special Handling Requirements | Chilled Specimens |
| Special Handling Requirements | Protection of Specimens from Light |
| Special Handling Reqirements | Microbiological Specimens |
| Special Handling Reqirements | Warmed Specimens |
| Hepatitis A,B,C, D & E | Bloodborne Pathogen |
| HIV | Bloodborne Pathogen |
| Airborne Precautions Isolation | Expanded Precaution for Airborn Pathogen |
| Airborne Precautions Isolation | Used to reduce the spread of airborne droplet transmission of infectious agents such as rubeola, varicella, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Droplet Precautions Isolation | Used to reduce the transmission of diseases that can be transmitted throught the contact of the mucous membranes of the eye, mouth, or nose with large-particle droplets that occur through sneezing, coughing, or talking |
| Droplet Precaution Isolation | Expanded Precaution for Droplet Transmission |
| Contact Isolation | Expanded Precaution for direct or indirect contact transmission |
| Contact Isolation | Used to reduce the risk of transmission of serious diseases such as respiratory syncytical virus (RSV), herpes simplex, wound infections and others through direct or indirect contact |
| Surgical Aseptis | All living things are destroyed before an invasion procedure. Items are sterilized by autoclaved or are single use items |
| Formites | Exam tables, furniture, etc |
| Disinfection | Chemicals used on inanimate objects, they cannot be used on people or inserted into any body orifice unless they can be autoclaved after disinfection |
| Sanitizing | Scrubbing with instrument detergent to remove visable sontaminated debris, autoclaving as appropriate |
| Handwashing | #1 most important of all infection procedures |
| Medical Asepsis | Cleaning and disinfecting of equipment that has come into contact with a patient and will be used again on another patient, i.e. dental tools, vaginal speculums, or instruments |
| Sterilization Type | Gas |
| Sterilization Type | Dry Heat |
| Sterilization Type | Chemical |
| Sterilization Type | Steam 121 degrees C at 15 PSI for 15-20 minutes |
| Reverse or Protective Isolation | All food and articles are sterilized before they are taken into the patients room |
| Reverse or Protective Isolation | Patient's living in protective environments when the are recovering from cancer treatments |
| Bacteriocidal | Kills bacteria |
| Bacteriostatic | Stops the reproduction or growth of bacteria |
| Patient Variable | Identification |
| Patient Variable | Fasting verses non-fasting |
| Patient Variable | Diurnal variations |
| Patient Variable | Refusal to cooperate |
| Patient Variable | Patient unavailabe |
| Patient Variable | Stress or anxiety |
| Specimen Variable | Hemolysis |
| Specimen Variable | Inadequate volume in the tube |
| Specimen Variable | Inadequate mixing of anticoagulant |
| Precentrifugation Variable | Excessive agitation - causes hemolysis |
| Precentrifugation Variable | Exposure to heat or light |
| Precentrifugation Variable | Delay in transportation to lab |
| Centrifugation Variable | Clotting time before centrifugation |
| Centrifugation Variable | 1 time only |
| Centrifugation Variable | Top must be secured appropriately |
| Centrifugation Variable | Tubes centrifuged with closures in place |
| Centrifugation Variable | Temperature Control |
| Postcentrafugation Variable | Freezing & thawing of specimen |
| Postcentrafugation Variable | Separation of serum or plasma no longer that 2 hrs after centrifugation |
| Postcentrafugation Variable | Tube stored in an upright position with a secure closure |
| Postcentrafugation Variable | After coagulation check for a complete barrier between the serum/plasma and the cells |
| Technique Variable | Tourniquet application |
| Technique Variable | Site selection |
| Patient Variable | Age & Gender |
| Patient Variable | Blood Type |
| Patient Variable | Diet |
| Patient Variable | Smoking |
| Patient Variable | Drugs & Alcohol |
| Patient Variable | Exercise |
| Patient Variable | Stress & psychological disorders |
| Technique Variable | Decontamination |
| Technique Variable | Equipment selection & supplies |
| Universal Protective Equipment | Gloves, mask, gown, goggles, face shield - treatment dependent |
| Needlesticks | Most common reasons for exposure to blood/body fluids |
| Infectious Waste | Anything that comes into contact woth patient blood or body fluids |
| 30 Seconds Minimum | Handwashing with antiseptic hand rub |
| 15 Seconds Minimum | Hand washing with non-antimicrobial soap & water |
| JCAHO | Joint Commission Accrediation of Healthcare Organizationss |
| Infection Control in the Lab | Maintaining laboratory records for surveillance purposes |
| Infection Control in the Lab | Reporting on infectious agents, drug resistant microorganisms, and outbreaks |
| Infection Control in the Lab | Evaluating the effectiveness of sterilization or decontamination procedures |
| Documentation Variable | Accuracy, objective, legibility |
| Documentation Variable | Errors should not be erased |
| Documentation Variable | Include all relavant information in a timely manner |
| Exposure Control | Warning lables posted on or next to the patient's hospital room door or other areas of health care institution to warn of possible hazards |
| Exposure Control | Isolation Signs |
| Exposure Control | Biohazard Signs |
| Exposure Control | Radiation Hazard Signs |
| Exposure Control | Pre-emloyment disease screening |
| Exposure Control | Pre-employment/rotation Vaccination |
| Coagulation | STAT/NOW Bloos Chemistries - Green Top |
| Hemotology | CBC - Lavender Top |
| Hemotology | ESR - Lavender Top |
| Hemotology | HgA1C - Lavender Top |
| Hemotology | Blood Bank - Pink Top |
| Pink or Lavender Top | Whole Blood Hemotology Determinations |
| Green Top | Plasma Determinations |
| Coagulation | Light Blue Top |
| Hemotology | ABO Grouping |
| Hemotology | Immunohematology screening |
| Pink Top | Rh Typing |
| Pink Top | ABO Grouping |
| Pink Top | Immunohemotology Testing |
| Lavender Top | Rh Typing |
| Lavender Top | ABO Grouping |
| Lavender Top | Immunohemotology Testing |
| Lavender Top | Antibody Screening |
| Pink Top | Antibody Screening |
| Hemotology | Antibody Screening |
Created by:
Adwa
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