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Ty Psy Sci Ch 14
Chemical Reactions
Question | Answer |
---|---|
the process by which one or more substances undergo change to produce one or more different substances that have different chemical and physical properties from the original | chemical reaction |
a shorthand notation for a compound or a diatomic element using chemical symbols and numbers | chemical formula |
a shorthand description of a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and symbols | chemical equation |
the starting materials in a chemical reaction | reactants |
the substances formed from a reaction | products |
states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes | law of conservation of mass |
What are some clues that a chemical reaction is occurring? | gas formation, solid formation, color change, energy change |
Write the chemical formulas for carbon tetrachloride and calcium bromide | CCl4 and CaBr2 |
Explain how a balanced chemical equation illustrates that mass is never lost or gained in a chemical reaction. | it shows the same number and type of atoms in both the reactants and the products; so the total mass of all the atoms in the reactants is the same as the total mass in the products |
a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single compound | synthesis reaction |
a reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances | decomposition reaction |
a reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances | single-replacement reaction |
a reaction in which ions in two compounds switch places | double-replacement reaction |
Which type of reaction always has an element and a compound as reactants? | single replacement |
a chemical reaction in which energy is released or removed | exothermic |
a chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed | endothermic |
states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed | law of conservation of energy |
the minimum amount of energy needed for substances to react | activation energy |
a substance that speeds up a reaction without being permanently changed | catalyst |
a substance that slows down or stops a chemical reaction | inhibitor |
List four ways to increase the rate of a reaction. | raise the temperature, increase the concentration or the surface area of a reactant, add a catalyst |