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WY EMT-I Drugs
Stack #11565
| drug name/class | pharmacology and actions | indications | contraindications | percautions | adult dosage | ped dosage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| epinephrine 1:1000/catecholamine w/alpha and beta effects | cardiovascular responses, increased HR, myocardial contractile force, systemic vascular resistance, arterial bp, myocardial oxygen consumption, automaticity. Potent bronchodilator | systemic allergic reactions and anaphylactic shock | contraindiced in pts w/ hypertension, hyperthyroidism, ischemic heart disease or cerebrovascular insufficiency | when used for allergic reactions increased cardiac work can precipitate angina and or AMI in susceptible individuals | 0.3mg(0.3ml of 1:1000 solution) or 2-3 ml of 1:10000 solution IV | 0.01 mg/kg (0.01 of 1:1000 solution) or 1-2 ml of 1:10000 solution IV |
| Atrophine sulfate/anticholinergic | parasympatholytic drug that reduces vagal tone. enhances the rate of discharge of the sinus node. Facilitates av conduction. | sinus brasdycardia accompanied by hemodynamic compromise, i.e. hypotension. or Asystole | use cautiosly in the presence of acute myocardial ischemia or infraction. | Monitor the pts vitals and LOC closely | w/o cardiac arrest 0.5 -1.0 mg every 5 min max 2-3 mg. cardiac arrest 1.0 mg every 3-5 min if asystole persists | .02 mg/kg w/ dose of 0.1 ng abd nas 1,0 evert 5 min max 1.0 child 2.0 adolescent |
| epinephrine 1:10,000 for cardiac/ catecholamine | (blank) | cardiac arrest | trauma, hypothermia, | not administered in same IV as alkaline solutions | 1.0 mg IV every 3-5 min during resuscitation | 0.01 mg/kg IV every 5 min as needed |
| Lidocaine/Antiarrhythmic | depresses automaticity of purkinje fibers | following min of 1 set of 3 unsucessful shocks/ followind a successful defib. conscious pt w/Pulse and VT | HR below 50. Bradycardia w premature beats. known allergy to lidocaine or local anesthetics. | do not exceed 3 mg/kg. reduce 1/2 in presence of decreased cardiac output, shock from whatever cause, pt older than 70 | 1mg/kg IV bolus followed by maintenance infusion of 1-2 Gm in 250-500 ml of D5W and run at 204 mg/mn cntrolled by flow meter. | 1mg/kg IV bous or via ET tube |
| sodium bicarbonate/alkalinizing agent | alkalotic solution which may neutraqlize acids found in the blood | cardiac arrest setting, after more proven interventions such as defib, cardiac compressions support ven and pharmacologic therapies have been employed. | alkalotic states. will inactivate catecholamines (epi) increase central venous acidosis. | increase cerebral acidosis, induces hyperosmolarity and hypernatremia | 1mEq/kg approx two 50 ml amps | 1mEq/kg |
| Nitroglycerin/antianginal | reduce venous tone, decreased peripheral resistance, dialated coronary arteries | angina, chest, arm or neck pain, control of hypertension in angina or AMI and pulmonary edema | hypotension, dehydration children under 12 | may cause profound hypotension and reflex tachycardia | .04 mg every 5 min total of 3 tablets | none |
| Asprin | prevent blood clots from forming. | chest pain/unstable angina | (blank) | hypersensitivity | 325mg given PO to be chewed | none |
| Naloxone(Narcan)/narcotic Antagonist | binds to narcotic sites but which ehibits almost no pharmacologi activity of its own | reverse nasrcotic effects, coma to rule out narcotic depression, reversal of rep depression in neonate induce by narcotics | pts w/ history of hypersensitivity to the drug | ventilatory assistance should always precede the administration, violent withdraw, be ready to restrain pt. | 0.4-2.0 mg repeated 2-3 min | 0.01 mg/kg of neonatal solution repeated 2-3 min |
| Dextrose/carbohydrate | used to regulate by insulin whych stimulates storage of excess glucose from teh bloodstream, and glucagon which mobilizes store glucose into the bloodstream | hypoglycemic states, | (blank) | (blank) | preload syringe of 50% dextrose+25 grams in 50 ml of water | preload syringe of 25% Dextrose + 2.5 grams in 10ml of water |
| Albuterol/proventil | relaxesbronchial smooth muscle, resuting in bronchodilation | teatment of bronchospasm from emphysema or asthma | synergistic w/other sympathominetics | (blank) | nebulizer .5 ml of .5% concentration and 2.5 ml of salline e | Nebulizer same dosage as for adults |
| Morphine Sulfate | dilates peripheral vasculature. reduces repiratory rate and tidal volume and causes pupils to constrict. | chest pain, after admin of nitro. use in pain control for extrmity injuries and burn pts | hypotension, head or abdominal injuries, resp difficulties, major blood loss, pts who are on alcohol or antidepressants or MAO inhibitors | (blank) | 1-3 mg slow IV repeated in 5-30 min as directed | .1-.2 mg/kg slow IV. |
| Terbutaline | beta-2 agonist | moderate to sever asthma | pts w/ angina hypertension or cardiac dysrhythmias | (blank) | nebulizer .5 ml diluted w/ 3.0 normal saline max dosage is 1.0 mg | nebulizer .25-.5 ml diluted w/3.0 ml of NS. max dose of 1.0mg. not recommended for pts under 12 |
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