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Chapter 2
Medical Terms
| Terms | Meaning |
|---|---|
| abdomen | space below the chest that contains organs such as the stomach, liver, intestines, and gallbladder, which is located between the diaphragm and pelvis |
| abdominal cavity | space below the chest that contains organs such as the stomach, liver, intestines, and gallbladder, which is located between the diaphragm and pelvis |
| anterior | located in the front of the body or of a structure |
| bronchial tube | one of two tubes that carry air from the windpipe to the lungs |
| bronchoscopy | visual examination of the bronchial tubes by passing aan endoscope through the trachea (windpipe) in to the bronchi |
| cartilage | flexible, fibrous connective tissue, found attached to the nose, ears, voice box, and windpipe and chiefly attached to bones at joints |
| cervical | pertaining to the neck of the body or the neck of the uterus |
| circulatory system | organs that carry blood throughout the body |
| coccygeal | pertaining to the tailbone |
| coccyx | tailbone |
| cranial cavity | space surrounded by the skull and containing th brain and other organs |
| craniotomy | incisoin of the skull |
| diaphragm | muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen |
| digestive system | organs that bring food into the body and break it down to enter the bloodstream or eliminate it throught the rectum and anus |
| disk (disc) | pad of cartilage that is beteen each backbone |
| endocrine system | system made of of endocrine glands such as pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands and the pancreas |
| epithelial | pertaining to skin cells |
| esophageal | pertaining to the esophagus |
| esophagus | tube leading from the trhoat to the stomach |
| female reproductive system | organs that produce and transport egg cells and secrete female hormones, includes the uterus where the embryo and fetus grow |
| frontal plane | imaginary line that divides an organ or the body into a front and back portion; the coronal plane |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| hypochondriac | pertaining to lateral regions of the upper abdomen beneath the lower ribs and is also known as a person who has chronic concern about the health of their body |
| laparoscopy | visual examination of the abdomen done by a small incision made near the navel and and instrument is inserted to view abdominal organs |
| laparotomy | incision of the abdomen |
| laryngeal | pertaining to the larynx (voice box) |
| laryngectomy | removal of the larynx (voice box) |
| larynx | voice box, located at the top of the trachea and containing vocal cords |
| lateral | pertaining to the side |
| lumbar | pertaining to the loins; part of the back and sides betweenthe chest and hip |
| lymphocyte | white blood cell that is found within lymph and lymph nodes |
| mediastinal | pertaining to the mediastinum |
| madiastinum | space between the lungs in the chest containing the heart, large blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland and lymph nodes |
| musculoskeletal system | organs that support the body and allow it to move, including the muscles, bones, joints, and connective tissues |
| nervous system | organs such as brain, spinal cord, and nerves that transmit electrical messages throughout the body |
| ovary | one of two organs in the female abdomen that produces egg cells and female hormones |
| pelvic cavity | space contained within the hip bones and the lower part of the backbone |
| pelvis | lower part of the trunk of the body including the hip bone, tailbone and sacrum |
| peritoneal | pertaining to the peritoneum |
| peritoneum | merbrane that surrounds the abdomen and holds the abdominal organs inplace |
| pharyngeal | pertaining to the pharynx (throat) |
| pharynx | organ behind the mouth that receives swallowed food and delivers it into the esophagus. |
| pituitary gland | organ at the base af the brain that secretes hormones |
| pleura | double membrane that surronds the lungs |
| pleuritis | inflmmation of the pleura |
| posterior | located in the back portion of a structure or of the body |
| respiratory system | organs that control breathing |
| sacral | pertaining to the sacrum |
| sacrum | triangular bone in the lower back, below the lumbar bones and formed by five fused bones |
| sagittal plane | an imaginary line that divides and organ or the body into right and left portions |
| spinal cavity | space in the back that contains the spinal cord and is surrounded by the backbones |
| spinal column | backbones; vertebrae |
| spinal cord | bundle of nerves that extends from the brain down the back |
| thoracic cavity | space above the abdomen that contains that heart, lungs and other organs |
| thoracotomy | Incision fo the chest |
| trachea | tube that carries air from the t |
| tracheotomy | incision of the trachea |
| transverse plane | imaginary line that divides an organ or the body into a n upper and lower portion |
| ureter | one of tubes that lead from the kidney to the urinary bladder |
| urethra | tube that carries urine for the urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
| urinary system | organs thatproduce and send urine out of the body, these organs are the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra |
| uterus | muscular organ in a female that holds and provides nourishment for the debeloping fetus, also called the womb |
| vertebra | a backbone |
| vertebrae | backbones |
| vertebral | pertaining to the backbone |
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