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Skin, HNEENMT

Skin, head, neck, eyes, ears, nose, mouth and throat

QuestionAnswer
What are the layers of the skin? Epidermis, dermis & the subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue.
What is the epidermis layer? The thin but tough outer layer of the skin that forms a rugged protective barrier.
What is melanin? It gives brown tones to the skin and the hair.
The inner basal cell layer forms new skin cells. What is the name of the tough fibrous protein? Keratin
What is the dermis? The inner supportive layer of the skin consisting mostly of connective tissue or collagen. The dermis also contains elastic tissue so the skin can stretch.
What part of the skin are the nerves, sensory receptors, blood vessels and lymph glands in? The dermis
What is the function of the subcutaneous layer(adipose tissue)? The subcutaneous tissue stores fat for energy, provides insulation for temperature control, and aids in protection by its soft cushioning effect. The also gives increased mobility over the structures underneath.
What is hair made up of? Keratin
What is a freckle? A small macules of melanin pigment that occur on sun exposed skin.
What is a mole (nevus)? A proliferation of melanocytes, tan to brown in color, flat or raised.
What is pallor? When the red to pink tones from the oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood are lost, skin is then pale.
What is erythema? Erythema is an intense redness from excess blood in the dilated superficial capillaries.
What is cyanosis? A bluish color that signifies decreased perfusion, the tissues do not have enough oxygenated blood.
What is jaundice? A yellowish skin color indicates a rising amount of bilirubin in the blood.
What is a cherry angioma? A small (1 to 5 mm), smooth, slightly raised bright red dot that appears on the skin of adults. They normally increase in size and number with aging and are not significant.
What are senile lentigines? Commonly called liver spots. These are small, flat, brown macules.
What are keratoses? These lesions are raised, thickened areas of pigmentatin that look crusted, scaly and warty.
What are acrochordons or skin tags? An overgrowth of normal skin that forms a stalkand are polyp-like. They occure frequently on eyelids, cheeks, cheeks, neck, axillae and truck.
What is skin turgor? A decrease in elasticity and the skin recedes slowly or "tent" and stands by itself.
What is a macule? A color change in the sckin which is flat and is less than 1 cm.
What is a nodule? A skin lesion that is solid, elevated, hard or soft, and larger than 1 cm. May extend into the dermis.
What is a papule? A skin lesion that you can feel (Example, solid, elevate, and less than 1 cm in diameter) caused by sperficial thickening in the epidermis.
What is a wheal? A skin lesion which is superficial, raised, transient, erythematous, slightly irregular shae due to the edeume. Example a mosiquite bite.
What is a vesicle? An elevated containing free fluid , up to 1 cm; a "blister." Clear serum flows if the wall is ruptured.
What is petechiae? Tiny pin like hemmorrhages, 1 to 3 mm, round and dscrete, dark red, purple or brown in color.
What is ecchymosis? A purplish patech resulting from extravasationof blood into the skin. > 3 mm in diameter.
Where are the parotid glands? In the cheeks over the mandible, anterior to and below the ear.
Where are the submandibular glands? Beneath the mandible at the angle of the jaw.
Where are the sublingual gands? In the fllor of the mouth.
Where is the temporal artery? Superior to the temporalis muscle; its pulsation is palpabe anterior to the ear.
What is the lacrimal apparatus? Provides constant irrigation to keep the conjunctiva and cornea most and lubricated.
What is presbyopia? Decrease in the lens's ability to change shape to accommodate for near vsion.
What is exophthalmos? Protruding eyes
What is enophthalmos? Sunkin eyes
What is ectropion? Lower eye lid drooping
What is entropion? Lower eye lid turning in
What is ptosis? Drooping upper eye lid
What is the tympanic membrane? The eardrum, separates the external and the middle ear.
What is the pinna? Auricle or the external ear
What is cerumen? Ear wax
What is the uvula? The free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft palate.
What is the frenulum? The midline fold of tissue that connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
Created by: markrocco
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