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GEOS 105 Final

Astronomy Final

QuestionAnswer
THALES 600-700 BC // Calendar: length of a year // Ecliptic: path of sun across the sky
PYTHAGORUS 500 BC // Cosmos should be perfect (spherical) // Religious
Anaxagorous 420 BC // Phases of the moon // Moon goes around the Earth // Distance of Sun to the Earth // Light from the moon is reflected sunlight // Lousy estimate
New Moon Rises/Sets Sunrise // Sunset
1st Quarter Rises/Sets Noon // Midnight
Full Moon Rises/Sets Sunset // Sunrise
3rd Quarter Rises/Sets Midnight // Noon
Aristotle 300-350 BC // Round Earth
Proofs of a round Earth 1) Ship looks like it sinks 2) Polaris gets lower and lower 3) Lunar eclipse (shape of shadow of Earth) 4) Elephants (?) In different areas
Aristarchus 250 BC // Distance and size of the Sun, Moon, and Earth // Very wrong
Eratosthenes 200 BC // Size of Earth and diameter
Hipparchus 150 BC // Trigonometry // Magnitude Scale (Brightness) // Systematic observations // Distance Earth to Moon // Length of year // Star catalog // Luminosity (amt of energy given off) // Flux (as you move away, decreases)
Ptolomy Geocentricity // Retrograde Motion
Copernicus 1540 // Heliocentric // Moon 27 1/3 Days (Sidereal period) // Sidereal day = 23 hrs 54 min // Sydonic day = 24 hrs // 29 days (sydonic) to line up with Sun // Inferior planets (between Earth and Sun) // Superior (outside)
Tycho Brahe 1572 // Castel of Uranienborg // Created precise astronomical measurements of the solar system and more than 700 stars // Great observer
Kepler Credit for Brahe's work // Protege // How planets orbit
3 Laws of orbit 1) Planet's orbits are ellipses with the Sun at 1 FOCI 2) Planets sweep = areas in = time 3) Period of planet (to orbit the Sun) determines how long to go around (DISTANCE DETERMINES TIME)
Galileo 1607 // Moons orbiting Jupiter // Spots on Sun // Saturn has rings and moons // Disproved Ptolomy model // IMPERFECTION EXISTS
Newton's Laws 1) Object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted on by an outside force 2) Force = Mass x Acceleration 3) Every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Continuous Spectrum Hot, HIGH pressure gas or solid
Absorbtion Spectrum Continuous, low pressure gas
Emission Hot, LOW pressure gas
Kelvin - Hemholtz Potential/Gravitational -> Kinetic Energy (KE) -> Heat
Hans Bethe Ideal gas // Pressure is proportional to temperature (P ~ T) // Outward pressure force balances gravity // Forces cancel each other // Hydrostatic Equilibrium
Temperature of the Sun ~ 6000 Kelvin
Main sequence stars have _______ core fusion! Hydrogen
As temperature increases, luminosity _________ ! Increases
Chandrasekhar Astrophysicist // Electron degenerate objects CAN'T be bigger than 1.4 Solar Masses (mO)
Created by: 1437987111
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