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Political Parties Ba
Barron's Political Parties
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Political Party Characteristics | * A political party is a linkage institution that is characterized by a group of people joined together by common philosophies * The main goal of a political party is to nominate individuals to get elected to local, state, and national office. |
| Political Party Functions | *Nomination of candidates for public office *Promote those candidates with goal of getting elected *Raise Money and give money to candidates *Develop a platfomr and articulate issues * Help coordinate implementation of policy *Maintain a watchdog fun |
| Grassroots Politics | Local political efforts for candidates including fundraising, holding town meetings, targeting voter registration, establishing voter contact and getting out the vote GOTV |
| Party Realignment | The movement of people from one party to the other resulting in shiftwing voting patterns from one election to the next. Example in the late 1800s and early 1900s Massachusetts was staunchly Repbulican and today we are Democratic. |
| Party Dealignment | Movement of people away from the two major parties and declaring themselves independent. Usually occurs through disatisfaction or falling out with the parties philosophy. |
| Third Parties | Smaller and less mainstream parties that are minor players in the political landscape. Generally, run candidates on specific issues or ideals in an effort to sway major parties. |
| Nineteenth-Century Party Eras | Eras occur after pivotal or critical elections that result in realignment takes plance and one party doominates presidential elections and Congress for an extended period of time. First such era was 1828 with Andrew Jackson and again in 1860 with Lincoln |
| Twentieth-Century Party Eras | The 20th Century saw eras begining with 1932 and the ascendency of FDR to the presidency and then the era of divided government in 1968 with Nixon through Bill Clinton |
| Party Platform | An outline of the parites philosophy and positions on key policy and issues. Each issue or position is called a plank in the platform |
| 2004 Party Platforms | Abortion: Dem. Pro-Choice Rep. Pro-life Gay Rights: Dems against federal amendment to define marriage, Republicans favored the amendment. War in Irag: Dems critical of war, Rep. beleived part of war on terrorism. |
| Political party | An organized effort by office holders, candidates, activits and voters to pursue their common interests by gaining and exercising power thorugh the electoral process. |
| governmental party | The office holders who organize themselves and pursue policy objectives under a party label. |
| organizational party | The workers and activists who make up the party's formal orgainzation structure |
| party in the electorate | The voters who consider themselves allied or associated with a party. |
| machine | A party organizatino that recruits voter loyalty with tangible incentives and is characterized by a high degree of contral over member activities. |
| civil service laws | These acts removed the staffing of the bureaucracy from political parties and created a professional bureaucracy filled through competition. |
| direct primary | The selection of party candiates through the ballots of qualified voters rather than party nomination convention |
| issue-oriented politics | Politics that focuses on specific issues rather than on party , candidate, or other loyalties. |
| ticket-split | To vote for candidates of different parties for various offices in the same election. |
| candidate-centered politics | Politics that focuses directly on the candidates, their particular issues and character, rather than on party affiliation. |
| critical election | An election that signals a party realignment through voter polarization around new issues. |
| secular realignment | The gradual rearrangment of pary coalitions, based more on demographic shifts than on shocks to the poltical system. |
| coalition | A group made up of interests or organizations that join forces for the purpsoe of electing public officials. |
| proportional representation | A voting system that apportions legislative seats according to the percentage of the vote won by a particular poltical party. |
| winner-take-all system | An electoral system in which the party that receives at least one more vote than any other party wins the election. |
| national convention | A party conclave (meeting) held in the presidential election year for the purposes of nomination a presidential and vice presidential ticket and adopting a platform. |
| think tank | Institutional collection of policy-oriented researchers and academics who are sources of policy ideas. |
| soft money | The virtually unregulated money funded through political parties udner the auspices of party building. |
| hard money | Funds that can be used for direct electioneering but that are limined and regulated by the Federal Election Commission. |
| party identification | A citizen's personal affinity for a political party, usually expressed by his or her tendency to vote for the candidates of that party. |
Created by:
mlwhittier
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