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SRB 8th Sci-Final
A review for my school's science midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is anything that causes a reaction or change in an organism or any part of an organism? | stimulus |
| What is the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment? | homeostasis |
| What is reproduction in which two sex cells unite, producing offspring that share traits from both parents? | sexual reproduction |
| What is reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells and in which one parent produces offspring identical to one's self? | asexual reproduction |
| What is the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring? | heredity |
| What is the sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism? | metabolism |
| What is an organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings? | producer |
| What is an organism that eats other organisms or organic matter? | consumer |
| What is an organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes and consuming or absorbing the nutrients? | decomposer |
| What is a molecule that is made up of animo acids ant that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body? | protein |
| a class of energy giving nutrients that invludes sugars, starches, and fiber; contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen? | carbohydrate |
| What is a type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water; an be fats and steroids. | lipid |
| what is a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes? | phosolipid |
| What is a molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes? Adresnoisine TriPosphate | ATP |
| In biology, the smallest unit that can perform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and have DNA and cytoplasm, what is it called? | cell |
| What is a phosolipid layer that covers a cell's surface; acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell's environment? | cell membrane |
| What is one os the small bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that are specialized to perform a specific function? | organelle |
| What is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction, usually in a Eukaryotic cell? | nucleaus |
| What is anorganism that consists of a single cell that does not a nucleus? | prokaryote |
| What is an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane; eukaryotes include animals, plans, and fungi, but not archaebacteria or eubacteria? | eukaryote |
| What is a rigid that surrounds the plant cell and provides support tstructur o the plant cell? | cell wall |
| What is a cell organelle composed of RNA and Protein; the site of photosynthesis? | ribosome |
| What is a system of membranes that assists in a cell's cytoplasm and in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids? | endoplasmic reticulum |
| What is the cell organelle in eukaryotic cells that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration? | mitochondrion |
| What is a cell organellee that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell? | Golgi complex |
| What is a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell? | vesicle |
| What is a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes | lysosome |
| What is a group of similar cells that perform a common function? | tissue |
| What is a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body? | organ |
| What is a group of organs that work together to perform body functions? | organ system |
| What is a living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently? | organism |
| What is the arrangment of parts in an organism? | structure |
| What is the special, normal, or proper activity of an organ or part? | function |
| What is the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density? | diffusion |
| What is the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane? | osmosis |
| What is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell? | passive transport |
| What is the movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy? | active transport |
| What is the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell? | endocytosis |
| What is the process in which a cell releases a particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane? | exocytosis |
| What is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food? | photosynthesis |
| What is the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food? | cellular respiration |
| What is the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen? | fermentation |
| What is the life cycle of a cell? | cell cycle |
| What is one of the structures, in a eukaryotic cell, in the nucleus that are made up on DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA? | chromosome |
| What are chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure? | homologous chromosomes |
| A process of cell division in a eukaryotic cell that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes? | mitosis |
| What is the division of the cytoplasm in a cell? | cytokinesis |
| What is the division of organism into groups or classes , based of specific characteristics | classification |
| What is the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms? | taxonomy |
| What is an aid that is used to identify organisms and that consists of the answers to a series of questions? | dichotomous key |
| What is a kingdom made up of bacteria that liv in extreme environments? | Archaebacteria |
| What is a kingdom that contains all prokaryotes exempt archaebacteria | Eubacteria |
| What is a kingdom of mostly one-celled eukaryotic organisms that are different form plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi? | protista |
| What is a kingdom made up of nongreen, eukaryotic organisms, that have no means of movement, reproduce by using spores, and get food by breaking down substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients? | Fungi |
| What is a kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that are usually green, have cell walls made of cellulose, cannot move around, and use the sun's energy to make sugar by photosynthesis? | Plantae |
| What is a kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that lack cell walls, can usually move around, and quickly respond to their environment? | Animalia |
| What is the passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring? | heredity |
| What is the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred | dominant trait |
| What is a trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred? | recessive trait |
| What is one set of instructions for an inherited trait? | gene |
| What is one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic; such as hair color? | allele |
| What is an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic? | phenotype |
| What is the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits? | genotype |
| What is the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event? | probability |
| What are chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure? | Homologous Chromosomes |
| What is a process in which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells? | meiosis |
| What is one pair of chromosomes that determines the gender of an individual? | sex chromosomes |
| What is a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family? | pedigree |
| What is the basic unit of all things? | cell |
Created by:
lkubat
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