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Astronomy - Galaxies
galaxies and cosmology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Planck Epoch | A mystery partly because we lack a quantum theory of gravity |
| The Grand Unification Epoch | forces except gravity are unified |
| The Inflationary Epoch | Universe expands rapidly smaller than a proton to bigger than a melon -- supported experimentally |
| Electroweak Epoch | Weak and Electromagnetic forces act as one |
| The Wuark, Hadron, & Lepton Epoch | What we think of a "normal" elementary particle form and survive |
| Photons, Nucleosynthesis, and the Cosmic Background Radiation | Atoms form (Hydrogen & Helium) & Cosmic Background radiation 'decouples' from matter |
| Dark Ages | atoms exists but stars don't |
| Modern Era = Stars form | Quantum fluctuations at the time of inflation determines the distribution of matter in the universe. Denser areas are where stars will form. Gravity is the major large scale force |
| Intestellar Medium | Interstellar gas and dust. What new stars are formed of |
| Is the sun the center of the Milky Way? | No |
| Define Hubble's law | the universe is expanded; the more distant an object, the bigger its red shift (similar to Doppler effect) |
| Halo | contains globular clusters, is spherical in shape, contains population 2 stars, and very little interstellar gas and dust |
| Galactic disk | flattened shape, spiral arms, both population 1 & 2 stars, interstellar gas, dust, and population 1 stars associated with spiral arms |
| Bulge | center of the galaxy, football shape, population 2 stars, little gas & dust, supermassive black hole at the center |
| Shapely method of determining the size and position of the center of the milky way | he looked at globular clusters & distance to globular clusters to determine the position of the sun and where the earth was in the milky way; knew that if their size was similar & luminosity; he could estimate the distance; |
| self propagating star formation for spiral arm formation requires what? | supernova explosion |
| density wave theory for spiral arm formation | analogous to a traffic jam |
| name the major types of galaxies in the Hubble classification scheme | Elliptical, spiral/barred spiral, and irregular |
| What are the properties of the elliptical galaxies? | very little gas & dust, no blue stars, primarily population 2 stars |
| what are the properties of the spiral/barred spiral galaxies? | mix of population 1 & 2 stars; disc holds population 1, nucleus holds population 2 |
| what are the properties of the irregular galaxies? | have no structure, gas & dust is not along the gas formation, higher percentage of population 1 stars |
| cluster types | rich, poor, local |
| rich clusters are apart of what? | large elliptical galaxies |
| virgo clusters are also thought of as | rich clusters |
| how many light years across is the milky way? | 100,000 |
| how many stars are in the milky way? | 200 billion stars |
| Associated with population 1 stars | interstellar gas and dust |
| if you have very little gas and dust you are associated with | population 2 stars |
| density wave theory for spiral arms | do not orbit at the same rate as the stars |
| self propagating star formation | uses the shock waves from supernova explosions to shape the spiral pattern. |
| characteristics of population one stars | contain bright blue stars, tend to be in the disk, contain interstellar gas & dust |
| characteristics population two stars | mainly yellow & red stars, very little surrounding gas & dust |
| globular clusters in the halo are..? | population 2 stars |
| example of a poor cluster? | local group |
| characteristics of poor clusters | tens of galaxies, has a few large spirals and other smaller galaxies scattered around |
| characteristics of rich cluster | large elliptical galaxies, hundreds of thousands of galaxies are involved |
Created by:
laurenash
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