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PHARM- TERMS
CCC-Pharm terms and conversions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1 cup=how many ounces? | 8 |
| 1 dram=how many grains? | 60 |
| 1 dram=how many minims? | 60 |
| 1 glass=how many ounces? | 8 |
| 1 grain=how many milligrams? | 60 |
| 1 gram=how many grains? | 16 |
| 1 inch=how many centimeters? | 2.54 |
| 1 kilogram=how many pounds? | 2.2 |
| 1 milliliter=how many minims? | 16 |
| 1 minim=how many drops? | 1 |
| 1 ounce=how many tablespoons? | 2 |
| 1 ounce=how many drams? | 8 |
| 1 ounce=how many milliliters? | 30 |
| 1 pint=how many ounces? | 16 |
| 1 pound=how many ounces? | 16 |
| 1 tablespoon=how many teaspoons? | 3 |
| 1 teaspoon=how many milliliters? | 5 |
| 1 centimeter=how many millimeters? | 10 |
| 1 cubic centimeter=how many milliliters? | 1 |
| 1 gram=how many milligrams? | 1,000 |
| 1 kilogram=how many micrograms? | 1,000,000 |
| 1 liter=how many milliliters? | 1,000 |
| 1 meter=how many millimeters? | 1,000 |
| 1 meter=how many centimeters? | 100 |
| 1 milligram=how many micrograms? | 1,000 |
| 1 milliliter=how many drops? | 15 |
| 1 teaspoon=how many drops? | 60 |
| any noxious, unintended and undesired result of taking a drug in appropriate doses; also called an adverse effect; often used synonymously with side effects that also include results that, are harmless and helpful | adverse reaction |
| an immune response to a drug, ranging in intensity from mild itching to severe rash to anaphylaxis | allergic reaction |
| an immediate and life-threatening allergic response characterized by bronchospasm, laryngeal edema and a rapid drop in blood pressure | anaphylaxis |
| pertaining to or directed toward the bucca (cheek), the fleshy portion of the side of the face that makes up the lateral wall of the oral cavity | buccal |
| capable of harmonious coexistence; used to refer to two or more medications that can be given simultaneously without changing the effects of each other to causing any new responses not seen with any of the drugs administered alone | compatible |
| a pre-existing condition that makes it unsafe or otherwise inappropriate to administer a particular drug | contraindication |
| determination and regulation of the size, frequency, and number of doses of a medication to be given at one time, not the overall dosing regimen | dosage |
| a measured quatity to be administered at one time, such as a specified amount of medication; often used synonymously with dosage, but dosage refers to the overall dosing regimen, not necessarily a single dose | dose |
| any chemical or other nondrug substance that can affect living processes | drug |
| how long a drug actively produces a therapeutic effect | duration of action |
| within or by way of the intestines | enteral |
| refering to a noncommercial name assigned to a drug, usually less complex than the drug's chemical name and more complex than a brand or trade; also known as a nonproprietary name | generic |
| an uncommon, unexpected, or individual drug response thought to result from a genetic predisposition | idiosyncratic reaction |
| a reason for administering a particular medication | indication |
| administration of a liquid drop by drop | instillation |
| within or into the dermis (skin) | intradermal |
| within or into a muscle | intramuscular |
| within or into a vein | intravenous |
| term used for a drug when it is given or is taken by a particular individual for therapeutic purposes | medication |
| a document that is completed as per agency policy to verify that a patient's medications were administered as prescribed | medication administration record |
| umbrella term that has been refered to opioids, controlled substances, illicit drugs, cns depressants, strong analgesics, and drugs capable of causing physical dependence | narcotic |
| preferred term for the family of potent pharmacologic analgesics commonly refered to as narctoics | opioids |
| a device for creating and develivering an aerosol spay | nebulizer |
| nothing by mouth, derived from latin words-nil per os | npo |
| the point in time after administration when a drug begins to exert its therapeutic effect | onset of action |
| pertaining to the eye | opthalmic |
| referring to drugs sole without a prescription | over-the-counter |
| causing an effect opposite of the intended effect | paradoxical reaction |
| via a route other than the gi tract, such as subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrathecal or intravenous | parenteral |
| point in time after administration when a drug exerts its maximal therapeutic effect | peak action |
| steady level of a drug achieved after repeated doses; a state in which the amount of drug eliminated between doses equals the amount administered with each dose | plateau |
| concurrent use of multiple drugs | polypharmacy |
| as needed, derived from the latin words - pro re nata | prn |
| sny unintended and usually predictible result of taking a drug in appopriate doses; often used synonymously with adverse effect, but adverse effects are noxious or harmful in some way while side effects also include results that are harmless and helpful | side effect |
| under the skin | subcutaneous |
| under the tongue | sublingual |
| an increase in the effects of any or all of 2 or more drugs taken together | synergistic effect |
| the beneficial and intended result for which a drug is taken | therapeutic effect |
| applied externally | topical |
| a seriously adverse drug reaction; toxicity refers to an adverse drug reaction caused by excessive dosing | toxic effect |
| entering through the dermis (skin); usually refers to a drug applied to the skin via an adhesive patch | transdermal |
| provision of drugs in single-dose packages | unit-dose system |
| a prescription a provider states to a nurse, usually by telephone, when unable to write the prescription at that time in the patient's medical record | verbal order |
| what route category includes: intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, intravenous, intrathecal and epidural? | parenteral |
| what route category includes: oral, sublingual, topical, transdermal, opthalmic, otic, nasal, rectal and vaginal? | nonparenteral |
| what route offers the most direct and reliable method of administering medications while also providing the most rapid absorption? | parenteral |
| what route is most often used for administering medication? | oral |
| oral route medications have what kind of effect? | local and systemic |
| meds applied to the skin or instilled into the eye or ear are often administered for what effect? | local |
| skin is used for transdermal patches, which release medication continously for what effect? | systemic |
| mucous membranes (including: sublingual and buccal, respiratory tract, vagina, rectum) are used for what effect? | local and systemic |
| patient in nauseated, vomiting, decreased intestinal motility, npo, cannot swallow or ng tube in place what route can be used? | another |
| before administering meds, assess for what? | swallowing problems |
| what position is the patient to avoid aspiration? | side-lying or sitting |
| to break a scored tablet in half, use what for accuracy? | cutting device |
| always refer to what? | facility's policy |
| it is difficult to ensure you are giving the correct dose, so when you divide a tablet it is best to do what? | avoid when possible |
| when would you have to crush the meds and mix it with foods or beverages? | if unable to swallow pills |
| how much food should you use when mixing with medication? | smallest amount |
| you should avoid mixing meds with what kind of food? | favorite |
| who should you check with before cutting or crushing meds? | pharmacist |
| sublingual, enteric-coated, time-released cannot be what? | cut or crushed |
| what meds are given under the tongue? | sublingual |
| what meds are placed toward the back of the mouth between the upper or lower molars and cheek | buccal |
| sublingual and buccal are absorbed through the mucus membranes of the mouth for rapid what effect? | systemic |
| you can give sublingual and buccal meds for who, but have to check facility's policy | npo |
| pour prescribed dose into cup where? | eye level |
| at the base of meniscus, not edges, is where you accurately measure what? | medication |
| be sure to never touch the container with the inside of the what? | cap |
| never touch anything to patient's body to avoid what? | contamination |
| lotions, creams, ointments, patches and pastes are what type of medications? | topical |
| lotions, ointments and creams provide what effect? | local |
| transdermal (usually patches), provide what effect? | systemic |
| assess the sites where topical medications prescribed for what effect have previously been applied? | systemic |
| check for what kind of breakdown | irritation and skin |
| rotate the application site on a regular basis to prevent what? | skin irritation |
| if the patient's skin is intact, what technique is acceptable? | clean, medical asepsis |
| if the patient's skin is not intact, what technique is acceptable? | sterile, surgical asepsis |
| when using transdermal patches or nitroglycerin strips, remove the previous dose before applying the new one to prevent what? | inadvertent overdose |
| in nitroglycering ointment, do not massage or rub ointment into the skin because this can cause medication to be absorbed how? | too rapidly |
| opthalmic medications are always considered what? | sterile |
| when instilling eye medications, do not instill medication directly onto the what? | cornea |
| place drops, ointments and intraocular disks in the what? | conjunctival sac |
| before instilling an opthalmic medication, gently wipe away any drainage or discharge along the eyelid margin or what? | inner canthus |
| how do you wipe the eye? | inside to outside |
| when exposing what, do not push on the eyeball or touch the eye? | conjunctival sac |
| when exposing what and avoiding injury to the eye, place your thumb or index finger against the patient's cheekbone just below the lower eyelid and then pull the eyelid down gently | conjunctival sac |
| if the medication has the potential to produce systemic effects, apply gentle pressure to the nasolacrimal duct for how many seconds? | 30-60 |
| putting pressure on the nasolacrimal duct for 30-60 second, helps keep the medication from entering the nasal and pharyngeal passages and being absorbed by what? | systemic circulation |
| vaginal medications should be refrigerated to keep from what? | melting |
| in vaginal medications, after instillation, patients may want to wear what to absorb any excess medication | perineal pad |
| after insertion of vaginal medications, have the patient remain in supine position for approximately how long afterward to ensure absorption of medication? | 10 minutes |
| when instilling vaginal medications use what technique? | clean |
| in vaginal medications, advise them to continue using the medication even if they are actively what? | menustrating |
| in vaginal medications, tell patients taking antifungal medications to abstain from sexual intercourse until they have completed how much of the medication course and the infection has resolved? | entire |
| otic medication drops are always what? | sterile |
| medications instilled in the ear are called what? | otic |
| even though the outer ear is not considered ____, sterile drops and solutions are used because should the eardrum rupture, nonsterile drops or solutions placed in the ear could cause serious infections | sterile |
| Before instilling ______ medications, gently remove any cerumen or drainage blocking the outermost portion of the ear canal with s cotton-tipped applicator | otic |
| to prevent dizziness and nausea, ______ otic medications to room temperature before placing them in a patient's ear | warm |
| to help instill otic medication in the right place on adults and children over 3, you do what? | pull the pinna up and back |
| why is it necessary to avoid touching the ear to the dropper? | avoid contamination |
| to help instill otic medication in the right place on children younger than 3, you do what? | pull the pinna down and back |
| to help ensure the otic medication is absorbed, keep the child in what position for a short time? | supine |
| patients with what kind of tube are given meds through the tube | ng |
| if medication is not available in what form, you must first crush it or open the capsule and empty the powder or granules and then dissolve the medication in a facility-approved fluid | liquid |
| do not administer sustained-released, chewable, long-acting or enteric-coated tablets and capsules through what kind of tube? | ng |
| before administering meds through an ng tube, place the patient in what position and verify the placement of the tube in the stomach or small intestines | ng |
| in most facilities, you'd aspirate a small amount of what in the ng tube with a syringe and then check the ph of the contents while observing the color and appearance of it | gastric contents |
| if the patient is receiving _____ feeding, do not mix the medications in the enteral feeding solution | continuous |
| if a patient is receiving a continous feeding, stop the feeding for how long, give the medications, flush the tube with the appropriate facility-approved fluid and resume the feeding after 1 hour | 30 minutes |
| after administering meds in a continuous feeding, keep the head of the bed elevated for at least how long? | 1 hour |
| to keep an ng tube from becoming occluded, flush it with at least how many mL's of a facility-approved fluid before and after administering each medication | 10-30 |
| to keep an ng tube from becoming occluded, flush it with how much mL's after given all patient's medications | 30-60 |
| In this medication type, the preparation is none and it is delivered as liquid | liquid |
| in this medication type, the preparation is to crush and dissolve and is delivered as liquid | tablet |
| in this medication type, the preparation is none and it is delivered buccal | buccal |
| in this medication type, the preparation is none and it is delivered sublingual | sublingual |
| in this medication type, the preparation is puncture and squeeze or draw out contents and delivery is to dilute with water or facility-approved fluid as needed | liquid-filled, soft gelatin capsules |
| in this medication, the preparation is do not crush and the delivery is request that another form be prescribed | enteric-coated tablet |
| in this medication, the preparation is do not crush and the delivery is request that another form be prescribed | timed-release tablet |
| in this medication, the preparation is some may be opened and added to feeding or given with water and the delivery is check with pharmacy or request that another form be prescribed | timed-release capsule |
| before administering nasal medications, make sure the patient does what gently to clear mucus and secretions and thus allow for distribution of the medication into the nasal passages | blows his nose |
| place the patient in supine position with his head tilted back when administering what kind of drops? | nasal |
| what kind of meds should you try to administer before and after meals? | nasal |
| what meds are usually administered for their local effect on the gi mucosa to promote defecation? | rectal |
| what meds are administered for their systemic effects for relieving nausea, providing analgesia or reducing fever? | rectal |
| rectal meds should be refrigerated to keep them from doing what? | melting |
| what should not be cut in half due to the active drug may not be distributed evenly and the intended dose may not be given? | suppositories |
| in rectal meds, have the patient remain in supine position for how long afterwards to ensure absorption of the medication | 5 minutes |
| when inserting rectal meds, use what technique? | aseptic |
| when administering rectal meds, lubricate the rounded end of the suppository with what kind of lubricant before insertion? | water-soluble |
| because children may have a difficult time keeping the suppository in place, hold the child's buttocks for how long to ensure placement? | 5-10 minutes |
| when using inhaled medication, it is important to do what to the inhaler as the paient inhales? | depress |
| It is important to depress the inhaler because the medication reaches where and not just the back of the throat | lower airways |
| if patients have difficulty coordinating the breathing cycle with depressing the canister, they should use what kind of device? | spacer |
| patients who are receiving steroids through a mdi or small-volume nebulizer, they should rinse their mouth and gargle with what after each treatment? | warm water |
Created by:
alschug65
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