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Respiratory Drugs

Respiratory Drugs 12/10/07

FrontBack
Constriction of bronchials Parasympathetic- Vagus nerve
Dilation of bronchials Sympathetic- Adrenal medulla
Things that increase RR -Low pH (acidic), Low bicarbonate, High CO2
Cystic Fibrosis Defect in transport of Cl- ions. Not enough Cl- out, too few Na+ ions follow. Decrease H20 flow into lumen, increased viscosity of the mucus layers and gets too thick. Cilia are unacble to work properly
Histamine Mediator of inflammation- Broken down and inactivated by tissues.
Effects of Histamine Increased production of nasal and bronchial mucus. Increased constriction of bronchioles. Increased capillary permeability. Irritation of sensory nerve endings. Increased contractile force of cardiac muscle
Leukotrienes Potent inflammatory agents
Mucokinetic agent Promotes the removal of excessive abnormal mucus. Things out mucus and lets cilia move it easier
Sputum Abnormal viscous secretions of lower lungs
Guaifenesin (prototype) Expectorants. Used to break up mucus and stimulate cough
Dextromethorphan (prototype) Antitussives (blocks cough reflex)- used for non-productive coughs
Psuedoephedrine (prototype) Nasal decongestant- Adrenergic agonist, causes vasoconstriction and shrinks mucus membranes. Alpha agonist and stimulates catecholamine receptors
Fexofenadine (prototype) Reduces histamine induced hypersensitivity reactions. Not indicated for broncial asthma or COPD
More about fexofenadine Used to treat allergies that release histamine. Not for kids under 12. Less sedating than older drugs, but still causes drowsiness.
Diphenhydramine Sedating antihistamine
Symphathomimetic Bronchodilator. B-2
Epinephrine Bronchodilator. Nonselective adrenergic stimulant. Drug of choice for asthma and anaphylaxis
B-2 selective agonist For emergencies
Albuterol (Asthma, COPD) Fast acting, noncatecholamine B-2 selective agonist. Acute attacks
Salmeterol Long acting B-2 agonist. Slow onset, potent, NOT for emergencies
Theophylline (prototype) Xanthine derivative. Prolongs cAMP action in smooth muscle. Bronchodilation, decreased mast cell degranulation, lesser histamine release, lesser secretions. Inhibits phosphodiesterase. NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX and no antidote
Theophylline metabolism Blocks muscarinic receptors
Cromolyn (prototype) Histamine release inhibitors- anti-inflammatory. Do NOT bronchodilate
Nedocromil Histamine release inhibitors- anti-inflammatory. Do NOT bronchodilate
Corticosteroids Inhibits phospholipase A2 activity. Decreased inflammation of airways, decreased edema
Flunisolide (prototype) Inhaled corticosteroid
Beclomethasone Inhaled corticosteroid
Triamcinolone Inhaled corticosteroid
Ipratropium Modified version of atropine. Anticholinergic. NOT for emergencies
Created by: Yellow_Plums
Popular Pharmacology sets

 

 



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