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WH 1st Quarter Exam
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is prehistory? | Time before writing |
What was australopithecines? Where was she found? | First humanlike creature. Found in southern Africa. |
What’s the world’s oldest organized religion? | Hinduism |
How could the discovery of australopithecines, homo erectus and homo sapiens be evidence for the theory of evolution? | It shows that there were different forms of “humans” from different time periods. It shows how things adapt to their environment. |
What continent was the birthplace of the first homo sapiens sapiens? | Africa |
How did the first people get to the Americas? | Land bridge that connects Russia and Africa |
What and when was the Neolithic Revolution? What does Neolithic mean? | When people started to farm. About 8000BCE. Neolithic means new stone. |
How does increased food and security lead to cultural gains? | When you don’t have to worry about food and security, you can sit back and think about art, religion, laws and other cultural things. |
Where did ancient Mesopotamia begin? Between which rivers? What was the name of the first civilization there? | Modern day Iraq between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. First civilization there was Sumer. |
Describe the Code of Hammurabi. How was the law based on “eye for an eye”? | First written code of laws. Eye for an eye meant that you get paid back for any crime you commit. |
On which river and on which continent was the Ancient Egyptian civilization founded? | Nile in Africa |
Who was the founder of the Israelites? What was their religion? | King Solomon. Jews. Judaism. |
Near which river did the earliest Indian civilization begin? | Indus |
Who was at the top and the bottom of the Caste System? | Top = priests, bottom = untouchables |
Where was Katal Huyuk? | Turkey. Maybe oldest city ever. |
What is irrigation? | Moving water to stop floods or use for crops. |
How did the geography of Greece make them unique? | The mountains isolated them which made them unlike other civilizations. |
What two works by Homer are the most important in Greek literature? | Iliad and Odyssey |
Describe Sparta and Athens in one word each. (You must first read the sections on each to answer correctly) | Sparta = war, Athens = democracy |
What was the name of the war between Athens and Sparta? Who won? | Athens won the Peloponnesian War |
What does philosophy translate to? | Love of wisdom |
Put these philosophers in order by who taught who: Aristotle, Plato, Socrates | Socrates taught Plato who taught Aristotle who taught Alexander the Great |
(Brock will answer) Describe the area controlled by Alexander’s Greece. | All of the eastern Mediterranean and everything it touched |
In what modern country could you find the ruins of Ancient Rome? | Italy |
What were the names of the two groups that early Rome was divided into? What did each name mean? | Patricians (rich) Plebeians (poor) |
What was Pax Romana? Why did it happen? | Peace in Rome |
What were the Twelve Tables? | First Roman code of laws |
How did Rome get slaves in their empire? | POWs |
Jesus taught the Golden Rule, which means… | Treat others like you want to be treated |
(Brock will answer) Who was the first Pope of the Catholic Church? | Peter |
Who became the first Christian Emperor of Rome? | Constantine |
(Brock will answer) How could the first Christian Emperor be responsible for the number of Christians in America today? | He converted most of Europe. Most Americans are of European descent. Therefore, he is responsible for the amount of Christians in the world today, especially in America. |
(Brock will answer) Why did Rome split? | It became too big to rule. |
Describe the two Romes that were left after the split? | East – Byzantine Empire – religion was Eastern Orthodox and culture was very Greek – Capital was Constantinople West – Holy Roman Empire – ruled by the Catholic Church and culture was Roman and European – Capital was Rome |
Where did Muhammad fit in with Moses and Jesus? | Muslims see Moses and Jesus as previous prophets picked by God. Muhammad is the last prophet in their eyes. |
List the Five Pillars of Islam. | Pilgrimage, faith, prayer, fasting, charity |
Describe the land controlled by the Arabs at the height of the Arab Empire. Read carefully section V. on pg. 36. | From Egypt to India. 2nd largest land empire only to the Mongols |
Who was the great king from Mali? Where did he travel? Why did he travel there? | Mansa Musa went to Mecca for a pilgrimage and brought tons of gold. |
What was Genghi Khan’s life’s purpose? | To rule the world. |
What years were known as the middle ages? | 500-1500 |
What does “Pope” mean? | Papa (father) |
Where did Charlemagne spread his empire to? | Most of western Europe like France and Germany. |
How did Feudalism work? | Kings gave land to vassals in exchange for them protecting the land. Vassals protected the land and had serfs work the land in exchange for a place to live and a little bit of crops. Most of the crops went to the vassal. |
What happened in 1215? Why is it important today? | Magna Carta. Great Charter signed by King John. It said nobody, even the king is above the law. |
Which two groups religions fought during The Crusades? Who ultimately won? | Muslims and Christians. Christians lost many holy cities. |
What was the name of the empire in Rome when the Catholic Church took over? | Holy Roman Empire |
What is iconoclasm? | The Holy Roman Empire wanted the Byzantine Empire to stop praying to icons (pictures of saints and holy figures) |
Who was the most important emperor in the Byzantine Empire? | Justinian |
Which city did Constantinople become? Why? | Istanbul because the Muslims took it over. |
What were the people who later became Russians called? | Rus |
What part of Europe is where most of the major cities in Russia are? | Eastern |
What is fealty? | The word for how the serfs were bound to their land. |
What led to the growth in population between 1000 and 1300 in Europe? | New ways of farming |
What is a money economy? Where did it first take place? | Not bartering, but using currency. Started in ITL. |
If the Pope controlled the Papal States, what does papal mean? | Pope |
Why was the Inquisition formed? | To find heretics |
What percentage of European people died from the Black Plague? | ½ |
Describe what happened in the Great Schism. | Two popes claimed power. One was French one was Italian. Both said the other was the anti-christ. |
What time period were the middle ages? | 500-1500 |
What does pope mean? | Father |
What is communion? What is the Eucharist? | Bread and wine/Eucharist is where the bread and wine become the body and blood |
Describe what happens when someone who is Catholic dies. | Purgatory, heaven or hell. |
What was the inquisition? | A court to try heretics |
Describe gothic architecture. | Pointy, holy, stained glass, flying buttresses |
Describe gothic art. | 2D, holy, no perspective |
What was guild? What current group is it most like? | Group of workers who do the same thing/ like a union |
Describe a medieval city. | Stinky, crowded |
How was the bubonic plague spread? | Rats, boats, silk road |
What were some effects of the bubonic plague? | Buboes, flu, death |
Who fought in the 100 Years War? Who won? Who was the girl that fought in it? | ENG v FR, FR Wins with the help of Joan of Arc |
What does Pope mean? | father |
If 100 people were living in Europe at the time, how many would have died from the plague? | 50 |
What is another term for middle ages? | Medieval, dark |
What's another name for trade? | barter |
What is monasticism? | monks and nuns |
What is a sacrament? | Holy ritual performed by church |
What is the literal transformation of the wine and bread into body and wine called? | Transubstantination |
Describe the inquistion in one word. | court |
What was the inquisition looking for? | heretics |
What is heresy? | going against the church |
what is 500-1500CE? | Middle ages |
Who is the most important in the Catholic Church? | Pope, then cardinals, then bishops |
What happens in purgatory? | sins are cleaned |
List important sacraments. | Communion, eucharist, mass, christening, baptism |
What are common misconceptions about Catholocism? | Catholics don't pray to marry or to saints, they pray through them. |
What does Renaissance mean? When did it start? | Rebirth. 1300s |
What is antiquity? | Based on the word antique. Means old and valuable. In history, it refers to Greece and Rome. |
In which two ways did eastern or Muslim people lead to the renaissance? | Preserved texts from antiquity, focused themselves on learning. |
What region/country was where the Renaissance began? Why was it the place? | Northern Italy. It was on the Mediterranean where a lot of trade and cultural interaction happened. Also, it was rich because of the Catholic Church. |
Finish the quote. The Human is the center __________________________________________________. | And measure of all things |
Name a rich family that commissioned art in Florence. | Medici |
Give three aspects of Renaissance art. | Realistic, 3D, about Christianity or antiquity |
Name the three artists of the High Renaissance and one work by each. | Leonardo – Mona Lisa, Raphael – School of Athens, Michelangelo – Sistine Chapel |
Who was Gutenberg? Why is he important today? | Invented the moveable type printing press. Made books common in Europe. Was done 400 years earlier in China by Bi Sheng. |
Who was Machiavelli? Why is he important today? | Wrote The Prince. Talked about how the job of officials is just to stay in power, not to serve the people. It is the basis for modern politics as well. |
What were four reasons writers criticizes the Catholic Church? | Indulgences, priests couldn't marry, Bible was in foreign language, priests were seen as holy |
What was Luther’s job? | Monk |
What is an indulgence? | Donating to the church for time out of purgatory |
What did Luther do with his 95 Theses? | Nailed them to his church’s door |
How did the Catholic Church deal with Luther? Describe the Diet of Worms. | He was excommunicated after he did not recant (take back his words). |
What was the outcome of the Peace of Augsburg? | The Holy Roman Emperor said princes of each part of Germany could choose if their provinces were Protestant or Catholic. |
How did Luther’s actions affect people that eventually came to America? What is a protestant? | He started Protestantism, which took over much of Europe. Today, in America, most Christians are Protestants. |
Why did Henry VIII change the religion of all of England? What the new church’s name? | He wanted a boy son and wanted to divorce his wife and try with a new girl. The Pope said the Catholic Church would not allow divorce, so Henry started a new church called the Church of England AKA Anglican Church. |
Why did “Bloody” Mary hate Protestants? Why was she called “Bloody” Mary? | She blamed Protestants for her and her mother being sent away by her dad, Henry VIII. |
What did Elizabeth do for England? | She brought at time of peace and cultural growth called the Elizabethan Era. It was when Shakespeare and other greats lived. |
What four things came out of the Council of Trent? | Church stopped indulgences, ensured Pope was in charge, must have faith AND good works to get to heaven, Bible in vernacular. |
How were the Jews treated during the wars between the Catholics and Protestants? | Both treated the Jews badly, they forced them into slums called ghettos. |
Three reasons for exploration? | God, glory, gold |
Things from Arabs that Europeans took to explore. | Cartography (mapmaking) compass, astrolabe |
Why was Prince Henry important? | Sponsored first sea exploration |
Where was Prince Henry from? | Portugal |
First great exploring country? | Portugal |
Line of Demarcation | Line that splits the world between SPN and POR |
Who drew the Line of Demarcation? | Pope |
What treaty made the Line of Demarcation official? | Treaty of Tordesillas |
Cortez conquered who and where? | Aztecs in Mexico |
Pizzaro conquered who and where? | Inca in Peru |
Portugal controlled what South American country? | Brazil |
Columbian Exchange named after? | Columbus |
What was the Columbian Exchange? | Exchange of goods from AME to EUR and vice versa. |
Stuff from AME to EUR in Columbian Exchange? | Tobacco, tomatoes, potaters, corn |
Stuff from EUR to AME in Columbian Exchange? | Horses, disease, slaves, guns |
Where was the Dutch East India Company? | Islands off India |
Where was the Dutch West India Company? | Caribbean |
What part of the Americas did England take? | VA and East Coast/Mass |
What part of the Americas did France take? | Mississippi and Canada |
What part of the Americas did Spain take? | South America, MEX, FLA |
What part of the Americas did Netherlands take? | New York |
Crop that brought slaves to US? | Tobacco |
First leg of triangle trade? | Manufactured goods to AFR from EUR (guns) |
Second leg of triangle trade? | Slaves from AFR to AME |
Second leg of triangle trade called? | Middle Passage |
Third leg of triangle trade? | AME sending raw materials to EUR |
Most African slaves were … | POWs Prisoners of war |
Religion that spread from northern Africa to southern Africa? | Christianity |
Island nation in Pacific that becomes Muslim? | Indonesia |
What people in that island nation that became Muslim caused the change? | Traders |
What were the Moluccas? | Spice Islands |
Why did Portugal settle the Moluccas? | Spices |
Why didn't Europe have a big impact on the mainland? | Mainland had stronger government and bigger population than the islands |
Two main religions on islands in Southeast Asia? | Islam and Catholicism |
Main religion on mainland in Southeast Asia? | Buddhism |