Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Integumentary System
Body Functions Chapter 8 Page 171
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The integumentary system is made up of: | 1. Skin. 2. Hair. 3. Nails. 4. Sebaceous glands (sebum - oil). 5. Cerumenous glands {cerumen (earwax)}. 6. Sudoriferous glands (sweat). |
| The skin: | 1. Is flexible. 2. Is waterproof. 3. Protects the body from ultraviolet (UV) light. 4. Protects the body from many chemicals and microbes. 5. Regulates body temperature (evaporation). |
| The outermost layer of skin is called the | epidermis. |
| The epidermis is composed of | epithelial cells. |
| Epithelial cells reproduce by | mitosis (30,000/day). |
| Newer epithelial cells push upward where they slowly | necrose (die). |
| This process is called | keratinization. |
| These keratinized cells are constantly being | sloughed |
| Skin sloughing (shedding) helps rid the body of | pathogens (disease producers). |
| The second layer of the skin is called the | dermis AKA corium. |
| The dermis (corium) consists of | connective tissue (collagenous + elastin fibers). |
| The function of collagen is to | bind skin cells together. |
| Embedded in the dermis (corium) are: | 1. Blood vessels. 2. Nerves. 3. Lymph vessels. 4. Hair follicles. 5. Sebaceous glands (sebum). 6. Sudoriferous glands (2-4 million sweat glands). |
| Sweat is released through ossa called | sudoriferous pores. |
| The next layer of the skin is called the | subcutaneous (subQ or subcu) AKA hypodermis. |
| The subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) consists mainly of | adipose tissue (fat). |
| The subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) attaches the | dermis (corium) to the underlying muscles. |
| The fibrous connective tissue of the body is called | fascia |
| When skin is subjected to an excessive amount of abrasion or friction, a thickened area develops called a | callus (calluses). |
| Skin pigmentation (color) is genetically determined by the amount of | melanin produced. |
| A genetic mutation causing an absence of melanin production is called | albinism. |
| Dilation of the blood vessels in the dermis (corium) causes | erythroderma AKA erythema AKA rubeosis. |
| Causes of erythema include: | 1. Pyrexia (fever). 2. Hypertension (HTN). 3. Inflammation. 4. Blushing. |
| A bluish discoloration of the skin caused by hypoxia or hypothermia is called | cyanosis (cyanotic). |
| Excessive hemolysis of erythrocytes or hyperbilirubinemia causes a yellowish orangish discoloration to the skin and/or sclerae (white part of each eye) called | xanthoderma or jaundice or icterus (kernicterus). |
| Hair is a characteristic of all | mammals. |
| On humans, hair can be found on the entire body except for the: | 1. Palms. 2. Soles. 3. Glans penis. |
| The average human produces | 7 miles of hair/year. |
| Each hair is composed of: | 1. A shaft. 2. A root. 3. A follicle. |
| A shaft is the | visible portion of the hair. |
| A root is found in the | epidermal tube. |
| A follicle is where | mitosis occurs. |
| Attached to each hair follicle is an arrector pili muscle which causes the hair shaft to | “stand on its end” causing a “goose flesh” appearance when we get scared or cold. |
| Genetics will control: | 1. Hair color. 2. Hair texture. 3. Hair loss (alopecia). |
| The visible part of a nail is called a | nail body. |
| The part of a nail that grows is called a | nail bed. |
| The base of a nail is covered by tissue called a | cuticle AKA eponychium. |
| onychocryptosis | an abnormal condition of an ingrown (hidden) nail |
| onychomycosis | an abnormal condition of a nail(s) caused by fungus |
| paronychia | a condition of inflammation adjacent to a nail |
| cicatrix (cicatrices) | scar(s) |
| keloid | an exaggerated or hypertrophied scar |
| Keloids are associated with | surgery and 3rd degree burns. |
| ulcer | an erosion (wearing away) of the skin or mucous membrane |
| Decubitus ulcer is AKA | bedsore or pressure sore (ulcer). |
| Decubitus ulcers commonly occur on bony prominences (pressure points) such as: | 1. Coccyx (tailbone). 2. Calcanei (heel bones). 3. Olecranons (Holy Crayon) {elbows}. 4. Scapulae (shoulder bone). 5. Occipital bone (posterior base of the cranium {skull}). 6. Pelvis (ilia and ischia). |
| Ecchymosis (ecchymotic) | black + blue mark caused by bleeding under the skin AKA hematoma or contusion or bruise |
| edema (edematous) | tissue swelling caused by an accumulation of fluid |
| pitting edema | fluid accumulation where indentations occur after light palpation |
| eschar(otic) | necrotic tissue caused by a burn |
| macule (macular) | flat usually erythematous skin lesion |
| papule (papular) | a raised skin lesion < 1cm |
| nodule (nodular) | a raised skin lesion > 1cm |
| nevus (nevi) | mole(s) or birthmark(s) |
| petechia(e) | pinpoint skin hemorrhage(s) |
| purpura (happy cat) | a combination of ecchymosis and petechiae |
| pustule (pustular) | a papule filled with pus |
| abscess (abscesses) | a collection of pus |
| verruca(e) | wart(s) |
| pallor | paleness |
| vesicle | a raised lesion filled with a clear liquid AKA a blister or bulla (> 1cm) or bleb (< 1 cm) |
| abrasion | mechanical superficial damage to the skin AKA “scrape” |
| excoriation | chemical superficial damage to the skin such as “diaper rash” |
| cellulitis (dermatitis) | inflammation of skin cells |
| urticaria | hives AKA wheals |
| Urticaria | an indication of an allergic reaction. |
| cyst | a thickening or lump |
| furuncle | an infection of a hair follicle and adjacent tissue AKA a boil |
| carbuncle (car load) | a cluster of furuncles |
| gangrene (gangrenous) | putrefaction (rot) caused by tissue necrosis and microbial proliferation |
| laceration | tissue that is cut, torn, or ripped |
| avulsion | tearing any part of the body away from the whole |
| xeroderma | dry skin |
| ichthyosis | dry scaly skin |
| crustation(s) | scab(s) |
| vitiligo (Michael Jackson) | localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches |
Created by:
willowsalem
Popular Medical sets