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Chapter 1
1A-2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What positions do the sun, moon, earth, planets, and stars occupy according to the heliocentric theory? | The sun is centered, the planets are arranged outward from the sun, only the moon orbits the earth. |
| Who was the first person to seriously question the accuracy of the geocentric theory? | Copernicus |
| How did Copernicus explain why birds in flight would not be left behind if the earth is rotating? | His reply was that the earth drags along the atmosphere, including birds as it turns. |
| In his book “The Revolutions”, how did Copernicus answer the skeptics’ argument that if the earth revolved around the sun, the nearer stars would seem to shift their positions among the more distant stars? | Copernicus’s reply, which has proved to be correct, was that the stars are too far away for observers to see the shift. |
| Who developed the three laws of planetary motions? | Kepler |
| What observations did Galileo make of Venus, Saturn, and Jupiter with his new invention, the telescope? | Venus has phases like the moon, Saturn has rings, and Jupiter has four large moons. |
| Who developed the law of gravitation? | Newton |
| Why did the Roman Catholic church oppose the heliocentric theory? | The Roman Catholic church recognized Aquinas’s work and accepted the geocentric theory as part of its official doctrine. |
| Who claimed he could harmonize the science of the ancient Greek philosophers with Christianity? | Thomas Aquinas |
| Why was Kepler not satisfied with the circle he calculated to fit most of the observed locations of Mars? | He knew Tycho’s observations of the two aberrant points were accurate and thus the circular orbit was incorrect. He believed the theory should be made to fit the facts, not vice versa. |
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