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Ch. 12 A
Question | Answer |
---|---|
components of blood and their volumes | formed elements (2.5 L) and plasma (3 L) |
blood vessels fit into 3 general categories | arteries, capillaries and veins |
arteries take blood | away from the heart and are the major regulatory component for blood flow |
capillaries do what...and they can... | exchange things like oxygen, food and wastes...open or close |
veins go ...and are called... | towards the heart ..blood reservoires |
where is there more blood | in veins (not arteries) because veins have less muscle with larger diameter |
what is the flow at rest in the brain | 650 ml/min (13%) |
what is the flow at rest to the heart | 215 ml/min (4%) |
what is the flow at rest to the skeletal muscles | 1030 ml/min (20%) |
what is the flow at rest to the skin? | 430 ml/min (9%) |
what is the flow at rest to the kidneys? | 950 ml/min (20%) |
what is the flow at rest to the abdominal organs? | 1200 ml/min (24%) |
what is the flow at rest in "other" | 525 ml/min (10%) |
why is there more blood going to organs | they are still working even during rest and digest |
why is the kidney not included in abdominal organs | it is retroperitoneal |
the atria are chambers through which bloow flows from...and atrial contraction adds to... | veins to ventricles...ventricular filling but is not essential for it |
ventricles are chambers whose contractions produce the...through the... | pressure that drives blood...pulmonary and systemic vascular systems and back to the heart |
arteries are... that conduct blood to the.. | low-resistance tubes...various organs with little loss in pressure |
arteries also act as | pressure reservoirs for maintaining blood flow during ventricular relaxation |
arterioles are the major sites of...and are responsible for the... | resistance to flow..the pattern of blood flow distribution to the various organs |
arterioles participate in the | regulation of arterial blood pressure |
capillaries are the major sites of | nutrient, metabolic end product, and fluid exchange between blood and tissues |
venules are the sites of... | nutrient, metabolic end product, and fluid exchange between blood and tissues |
veins are...for blood flow... | low-resistance conduits...back to the heart |
plasma is the...of blood that contains... | liquid portion...dissolved nutrients, ions, wastes, gases and other substances |
pathway of blood | flow pattern: arteries to arterioles to capillaries to veins to venules |
pulmonary circulation goes from the... | heart to lungs and back to heart |
pulmonary circulation pathway | right vent to pulmonary trunk to arteries to lungs to pulmonary veins to left atrium |
what is the key for this chapter?! | pressure, flow and resistance!! |
bulk flow is | one directional flow where all components of the blood move |
what makes sure that flow is in one direction | valves and pumps |
hemodynamics include | bulk flow: blood flow, hydrostatic pressure, resistance |
blood flow is...measured as... | volume...F (L/min) |
hydrostatic pressure is the... | pressure gradient between 2 different locations DELTA P |
hydrostatic pressure is measured through the... | displacement of mercury (mm Hg) P |
resistance is measured as... | R (mm Hg/mL/min) |
resistance is inversely proportional to | vessel diameter |
vessel diameter is the most | changeable factor |
resistance is proportional to | blood viscosity (resistance to flow) and vessel length (greater distance means greater resistance) |
equation for flow | F = delta P/R |
why does more blood go to the abdominal organs? | they are working even at rest |
systemic circulation goes from.. | heart to body and back to heart |
systemic circulation pathway | left ventricle to aortic arch to body (head also) to vena cavae to right atrium |