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civics vocabulary
civis vocabulary
Question | Answer |
---|---|
absentee ballot | one that allows a person to vote without going to the polls on election day |
absolute monarch | a monarch that has complete and unlimited power to rule his or her people |
acid rain | rain containing high amounts of chemical pullatants |
acquittal | a vote of not quilty |
affirmative action | programs intended to make up for the past discrimination by helping the minority groups and women gain access to jobs and opportunities |
alien | a non citizen |
ambassador | an official representative of a countrys goverment |
amend | to change |
amendment | any change in the constitution |
amnesty | a pardon to a group of people |
anti federalists | those appose to the ratification of the constitution |
antitrust law | legislation to prevent new monopolies from forming and police those that already exist |
apartheid | system of laws that separated racial and ethnic groups and limited the rights of blacks in south africa |
apathy | a lack of interest |
appeals court | a court that reviews decisions made in lower district |
appellate jurisdiction | the authority of a court to hear a case appealed from a lower court |
apportion | divide among districts |
appropriations bill | legislation earmarking funds for certain purpose |
arbitration | situation in which union and company officials submit the issues they cannot agree on to a third party for a final decision |
archives | files of older stories |
arraignment | a hearing in which a suspect is charged and pleads guilty |
articles of partnership | formal legal papers specifying the arrangement between partners |
at large election | an election for an area as a whole; for exsample state wide |
authoritarian | a goverment in which one leader or group of people holds absolute power |
automatic stabilizer | program that automatically provides benefits to offset a change in peoples income |
bail | a sum of money used as a security deposit to ensure that an accused person returns for his or her trial |
balance of trade | the difference btwn the value of a nations exports and its exports |
balance budget | annual budget in which expenditures equal revenues |
ballot | the list of candidates on which you cast your vote |
bicarmeral | legislature |
bill of attainder | a law that punishes a person accused of a crime without a trial or a fair hearing in court |
board of direcrors | people elected by the share holders of a corporation to act on their behalf |
bond | contract to repay borrowed money with interest at a specific time in the future |
boycott | the refusal to purchase certain goods |
brief | a written document explaining the position of one side or the other in a case |
budget | a plan for making and spending money |
budget resolution | congressional document that shows total spending and revenues for a year and how much will be spent in various categories |
bureaucracy | complex systems with many departments many rules and many people in the chain of command |
business cycle | alternating periods of growth and decline that the economy goes throught |
cabinet | a group of advisers to the president that includes the heads of 14 top level executive departments |
capital | previously manufactured goods used to make other goods and services |
capitalism | a system in which private citizens own most if not all of means of production and decide how to use them whithin legislated limits |
casework | the work that a lawmaker does to help constituents with a problem |
caucus | a meeting of political party members to cunduct party business |
censorship | the banning of printed materials or films due to alarming or offensive ideas |
census | a population taken by the census bearuogh |
central bank | an institution that lends money to other banks,. also the place where the government does its banking busness |
certificate of deposit | timed deposit that states the amount of the deposit maturity and rate of interes being paid |
charter | a written document granting land ant the authority to set up colonial governments or a government document granting permission to organixe a corporation |
charter schools | schools that receive state funding but are excusedfrom meeting many public school regulations |
checking account | an account in which deposited money can be withdraw at any time by writing a check |
checks and balances | a system in which each branck of government is able to check, or restrain the power of the others |
circuit | the area jurisdiction of a federal court of appeals |
citizens | community members who owe loyalty to the goverment and are entiled to protection from it |
city charter | a document granting power to a local government |
civics | the study of the rights and duties of citizens |
civil liberties | freedoms to think and act without government interference or fear of unfair legal treatment |
civil rights | the rights of full citizenship and equality under the law |
civil service system | the practice of hiring government workers on the basis of open competitive examinations and merit |
civil service worker | person hired into a federal position |
civilian labor force | all civilians 16 years old or older who are either working or are looking for work |
closed primary | an election in which only the declared menbers of a party are allowed to vote for that partys nominees |
closed shop | company in which only union members can be hired |
cloture | a procedure used in the senate to limit debate on a bill |
coin | metallic form of money such as pennies, nickels and dimes |
cold war | conflict between usa and the soviet union dating from the later when the 2 contries competed for world influence without declared military action |
collective bargaining | process by which unions and employers neogosiate conditions of employment |
colony | a group of people in one place who are ruled by a parent country elsewhere |
command economy | an economic system in which the major economic decisions are made by the central government |
commercial bank | a financial institution that offers full banking services to individuals and businesses |
common law | a system of law based on precedent and customs |
communism | economic system in which the central government directs all major econonic decisions |
community | a group of peolple who share the same interest and concerns |
commute | to reduce a criminals sentenc |
compact | an agreement or contract among a group of people |
comparative advantage | the ability of a country to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost thatn another country can |
competition | the struggle btwn buyers and selllers to get the best products at the lowest prices |
complaint | a formal notice that a lawsuit is being brought |
complement | product often used with another product |
concurrent jurisdiction | authority for both state and federal courts to hear and decde cases |
concurrent powers | powers shared by the state and the federal goverments |
concuring opinion | a statement written by a justice who votes with the majority but for a different reason whith the mayority |
confederation | a group of individiuls or state governments |
constituent | a person from a legislatores district |
constitution | a detailed written plan for goverment |
contitutional | in accordance with the constitution |
constitutional convection | meeting of state delegates 1787 leading to adoption of new constitution |
consttutional monarchy | a system in which the power of the hereditary ruler is limited by the countrys constitution and laws |
consumer price index | measure of the change in price over time of a specific group of goods and servises |
consumer sovereignty | the role of consumer as the ruler of the marcket determining qhat products will be produce |
consumerism | a movement to educate buyers abouth the purchses they make |