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PH- Ch23
DrDavidMcSwane Exam2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is absorptive capacity? | A limit to the rate or quantity of impact that can be absorbed without exceeding the threshold of disaster declaration. |
| What is the All-Hazard Approach? | Developing and implementing emergency management strategies for the full range of likely emergencies or disasters, both natural and technological (terrorism/ warfare). |
| What is building code? | A set of ordinances or regulations and associated standards intended to control aspects of the design, contruction, materials, alteration and occupancy of structures in order to ensure human safety & prevent collapse or damage. |
| What is Capability? | The ability to achieve a desired operational effect under specified standards and conditions through combinations of means and ways to perform a set of tasks. |
| What is capacity? | The combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources available within a community, society, or organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals. |
| What are critical facilities? | The primary physical structures, technical facilities, and systems that are socially, economically, or operationally essential to a functioning society or community in routine circumstances or emergencies. |
| What is disaster risk? | The potential disaster losses, in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets, and services, that could occur to a particular community or a society over some specified future time period. |
| What is disaster risk management? | The systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved coping capacities to lessen the impact of hazards and disasters. |
| What is disaster risk reduction? | The practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters. |
| What is an early warning system? | The set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning information that enables individuals, communities, and organizations threatened by a hazard to prepare and to act appropriately in time to reduce harm or loss. |
| What are emergency services? | The set of specialized agencies that have specific responsibilities and objectives in serving and protecting people and property in emergency situations. |
| What is exposure? | People, property, systems, or other elemenets present in hazard zones that are therby collectively subject to potential losses. |
| What is forecast? | A definite statement or statistical estimate of the likely occurrence of a future event or conditions for a specific area. |
| What is a hazard? | A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption or environmental damage. |
| What is land-use planning? | A process used by public authorities to identify, evaluate and decide among different options for the use of land, including long-term economic, social and environmental objectives and acceptable uses. |
| What is mitigation? | The lessening or limiting of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. |
| What is a natural disaster? | A natural process or phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts, property damange, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption or environmental damage. |
| What is a nonstructural measure? | Any measure not involving physical construction that uses knowledge, practice, or agreement to reduce risks and impacts in particular through promoting policies and laws, raising public awareness, training, and education. |
| What is prepardness? | The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities, and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from teh impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events. |
| What is prevention? | The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. |
| What is public awareness? | The extent of common knowledge about disaster risks, the factors that lead to disasters, and the actions that can be taken individually and collectively to reduce exposure and vulnerability to hazards. |
| What is recovery? | The restoration and improvement where appropriate of facilities, livelihoods, and living conditions of disaster-affected communities, including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors. |
| What is residual risk? | The risk that remains unmanaged even when effective disaster risk reduction measures are in place and for which emergency response and recovery capacities must be maintained. |
| What is response? | The provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety, and meet the basic needs of the people affected. |
| What is risk? | The probability of harmful consequences, expected losses resulting from interactions between natural or human-induced hazards and vulnerable conditions. |
| What is risk assessment? | the determination of the nature and extent of risk by analyzing potential hazards and evaluating existing conditions of vulnerability that might act together to harm exposed people, property, services, livelihoods and environment which they depend. |
| What is risk management? | The systematic approach and practice of managing uncertainty to minimize potential harm and loss. |
| What is risk retention? | A set of procedures for responding and recovering once a loss has occurred; applied to risks that cannot be avoided or transferred. |
| What is risk transfer? | The process of formally shifting financial consequences of particular risks from one party to another to obtain resources from the other party after a disaster occurs in exchange for ongoing social or financial benefits (i.e. insurance). |
| What are structural measures? | Any physical construction to reduce or avoid possible impacts of hazards or any application of engineering techniques to achieve hazard resistance and resilience in structures or systems. |
| What is susceptibility? | The state of being at risk if exposed to a hazard. |
| What is sustainable development? | Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. |
| What is techological hazard? | A hazard originating from technological or industrial conditions (such as accident, dangerous procedure, infrastructure failure, or specific human activity) that creates a consequence. |
| What is vulnerability? | The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. |
| Primary prevention consists of? | Risk avoidance & hazard avoidance. |
| Secondary prevention consist of? | Mitigation: structural exposure, financial resilience + preparedness + risk reduction + risk transfer + vulnerability reduction. |
| Tertiary prevention consists of? | Response + recovery + risk retention + residual risk. |
| What are the 11 "E's" of Public Health Preparedness? | Evaluation & monitoring of hazard. Early warning Evacuation Emergency operations planning Education & training Exercises & drills Engagement of the public Electronic media & communication Epidemiology Equipment and supplies Economic & political |
| What is terrorism? | The use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purposes. |
| What are the objectives of terrorism? | Harm, kill, maim, strike fear and diminish confidence, disrupt our businesses, economy and security. |
| What is bioterrorism? | The intentional release of agents like bacteria or viruses, to impart illness and death in people, animals or plants and the environment. Food, water and insects are vehicles to biological agents. |
| CDC Category A agents... | Pose the greatest risk to national security due to high mortality and usually spread person-to-person. I.E. anthrax, botulism, plague, smallpox, tularemia, ebola and marburg. |
| CDC Category B agents... | Moderate morbidity and low mortality rates; includes Salmonella, Shigella, E.Coli, Dysenteriae, Vibrio Cholerae, cryptosporidium. |
| CDC Category C agents... | Engineered pathogens for mass dissemination; I.E. nipah virus and hantavirus. |
| What is agricultural terrorism? | The deliberate introduction (as well as the threat or simulation of use) of an animal or plant disease with the goal of generating fear over the safety of food, causing economic losses and undermining national stability. |
| Potential animal pathogens? | African Horse Sickness Classic swine fever (hog cholera) Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia Foot-and-mouth disease Highly pathogenic avian influenza Rinderpest Rift Valley Fever Sheep and goat pox Swine vesicular disease Vesicular stomatitis |
| Potential plant pathogens? | Rice bacterial leaf streak (or blight) bacterial wilt brown stripe downy mildew Huanglongbing (citrus greening) Potato wart Plum pox Philippine downy mildew Soybean rust Citrus variegated chlorosis |
| The food A.L.E.R.T. initiative stands for? | Assure Look Employees Reports Threat |
| The four main areas of the biodefense program are? | Threat awareness Prevention Surveillance Response and recovery |
| What is the Homeland Security Presidential Directive 9? | A national policy to defend the agricultural and food system from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies. |
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