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religion nigga
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| commandments | ten commandments, also know as the decalougue. Appears twice in the Hebrew bible |
| aaron | Moses’s older brother |
| Abraham | father of the Israelites through his son isaac, considered the prophet of islam |
| Ark | known as the ark of the testimony, a chest that contains tablets of stone on which the Ten Commandments are written on |
| Cosmogony | creation story of how the world came to be, the beginning of the book of genesis |
| Bar Mitzvah | the coming of a man in the jewish religion at age 13 |
| Hebrew Bible | the old testament, known as the tanakh |
| Bris | jewish male circumcision ceremony |
| Hanukkah | festival of lights, an 8 day jewish holiday celebrating the stopping of fight on the 25th day of kislev |
| Days of Awe | ten days starting with rosh Hashanah and ending with yom kippur |
| Esau | son of Isaac, twin brother of Jacob. Sold his birthright to Jacob for a bowl of lentil stew |
| Exodus | second book of the Hebrew and Christian bible. Story of the enslavement of the Israelites in Egypt |
| Genesis | the first book of the torah, describing ten generations of the beginning |
| Hebrew | language of the jews |
| isaac | son of Abraham, father of Jacob and esau. He was the first jew |
| Ishmael | son of Abraham and hagar, sarah’s maidservant |
| Magen David | Star of David |
| kosher | proper/correct, describing food that is permissible to eat under jewish dietary laws |
| Matzah | unleavened bread served during Passover |
| Menorah | candle holder for the candle of Hanukkah |
| Mezuzah | a scroll containing passages of the torah placed on doorposts of houses |
| Mikvah | a ritual bath for spiritual purification, conversion to Judaism and for purity after menstruation/ childbirth |
| Messiah | man chosen by god to end all evil in the world |
| Minyan | the minimum amount of jewish men to recite certain prayers, consisting of 10 adult Jewish men. |
| Mitzvah | all 613 commandment in the torah, which jews are obligated to observe |
| Moses | greatest of all prophets |
| Noah | son of lamech, father of of shem, ham, Japheth. God instructed him to build an ark to save a remnant of life as he was going to destroy all life. |
| Pesach | Passover, holiday commemorating the exodus from English, Marks the beginning of harvesting season |
| Shavuot | holiday celebrating the anniversary of the day god gave the torah to the Israelites |
| Prophet | spokesman for god, chosen to convey a message or teaching |
| Purim | holiday celebrating rescue of jews from the ancient Persian empire |
| Rabbi | a teacher of torah, authorized person to make decisions on issues of jewish law |
| Rosh Hashanah | the jewish new year |
| Shabbat | jewish day of rest, 7th day of the jewish week |
| Sarah | wife of abraham, mother of Isaac |
| Seder | ritualized dinner observed during Passover |
| Shema | basic jewish prayer |
| Shofar | a ram’s horn, blown to call repentance |
| Simchat torah | rejoicing in the law, a holiday celebrating the beginning and end of weekly torah readings |
| Sukkot | festival commemorating the wandering in the desert and the final harvest |
| Synagogue | jewish temple |
| Tallit | a shawl worn during morning services, with tzitzit added at corners |
| Talmud | most significant collection of the jewish oral tradition interpreting the torah |
| Tefillin | leather pouches containing scrolls with passages of scripture |
| Temple | central place of worship in ancient jerusalm, house of worship |
| Tisha B’Av | the 9th of the month of Av, a day of fasting |
| Torah | first five books of the jewish bible. Genesis, Exodus, eviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy |
| Yom kippur | day of atonement, repenting sins of the previous years |
| Yad | pointer used while reading the torah |
| Yarmulke (yamika) | hat worn by jews during services |
| Allah | the god, mainly used by Muslims, it’s the proper name of God, he is the only God, the creator, and all powerful |
| Muhammad | a leader from Mecca who unified Arabia into a single religious polity under Islam. Believed by Muslims to be a messenger and prophet of God and is seen as the last prophet for mankind. Non-Muslims regard Muhammad as the founder of Islam. |
| Quran (the recitation) | central religious text of Islam, the verbatim word of God, regarded widely as the finest piece of literature in the Arabic language; Muslims believe the Quran was verbally revealed through the angel Gabriel from God to Muhammad gradually over 40 years. Pr |
| Sura (chapters) | division of the Quran. Revelations Muhammad received from Allah through the angel Gabriel. 114 suras arranged by length (except the first one) longest sura is 287 verses; shortest is 3 verses. 323,621 total letters. Each sura (save one: Repentance) beg |
| Al-Fatiha | the first sura (chapter) of the Quran. Its seven verses are a prayer for Allah’s guidance, and stress His Lordship and Mercy. It has an essential role in Salaat (daily prayer); some Muslims believe that it should be recited seventeen times a day at the |
| Hadith | “tradition,” collection of stories or traditions regarding Muhammad and other Muslim leaders, provided concrete examples of those who live according to God’s will, also provides basis for Islamic law, theology, and custom. Different groups recognize diff |
| Ishmael- | Abraham’s first son from his marriage to Sarah’s handmaiden Hagar. At 13 Ishmael was circumcised at the same time as all other males in Abraham’s house. Muslims believe that Ishmael was the ancestor of several prominent Arab tribes and the forefather of |
| Night of Power | anniversary of two very important dates in Islam that occurred in the month of Ramadan. Anniversary of the night Muslims believe the first verses of the Quran were revealed to Muhammad. Muslims will pray extra on this day and will awake during the night |
| Gabriel | the angel who revealed the Quran to the prophet Muhammad and sent a message to most prophets, if not all, revealing their obligations. He is called the created Holy Spirit in Islam. |
| Khadija | first wife of Muhammad. Regarded as the mother of Islam. She was a wealthy woman from inheriting the business her father created, and continuing to work to create a successful business. Many men wanted to marry her but she chose Muhammad after she hear |
| Mecca | a city in the Hejaz and the capital of Makkah province in Saudi Arabia. Mecca is the birthplace of Muhammad and a site of the composition of the Quran. It’s regarded as the holiest city in the religion of Islam and is obligatory for all Muslims to visit |
| Medina | the second holiest city in Islam after Mecca and the burial place of Muhammad. Was personally named by Muhammad. It’s significant because it was Muhammad’s final religious base after the Hijrah and it’s the place where he died. |
| Ka’aba | a cube shaped shrine in Mecca that houses sacred rocks. The most sacred site in Islam. All Muslims around the world are supposed to face the Ka’aba during prayers, no matter where they are. One of the Five pillars of Islam requires every Muslim to perfo |
| Hijra | the migration or journey of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina between June 21st and July 2nd in 622 CE. Marks the official beginning of Islam. Mecca and Medina were rival cities. Medina was interested in Muhammad as a possible messiah. |
| Umma (Muslim Community) | established Muslims free to worship without fear or persecution |
| Mosque | a place of worship for followers of Islam |
| Eid ul-Fitra | Muslim holiday that marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting. Eid means festivity and Muslims are not permitted to fast that day. Has a particular prayer consisting of two units. |
| Eid el-Adha | religious holiday celebrated by Muslims to honor the willingness of Abraham to sacrifice his son Ishmael as an act of obedience to God, before God intervened to provide him with a sheep to sacrifice instead. |
| Jihad | an important religious duty for Muslims. Two commonly accepted meaning of jihad: an inner spiritual struggle and an outer physical struggle. |
| Sunni | the largest branch of Islam and is sometimes referred to as the orthodox version of the religion. |
| Shia | the second largest denomination of Islam. Shia believe that only God has the right to choose a representative to safeguard Islam. They looked to Muhammad’s son-in-law Ali as Muhammad’s successor. |
| Sufi | the inner, mystical dimension of Islam. Sufis believe they are practicing perfection of worship as revealed by Gabriel to Muhammad. Believe that they can become close to God in this life. |
| Halal | designating any object or an action which is permissible to use or engage in, according to Islamic law. The term is used to designate food seen as permissible according to Islamic law. There are only certain foods that can be eaten and some have to be k |
| FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM | shahada (witness) salat (prayer) zakat (alms) sawn (fasting)- Ramadan hajj (pilgrimage) |
| Shahada (witness) | statement of faith and identity. To profess faith in a statement that may be translated, There is not God but Allah; Muhammad is His prophet. Recitation fo Shahada makes one a Muslim. |
| Salat (prayer) | Muslims pray five times each day facing Mecca (just before sunrise, just after high noon, afternoon, just after sunset, evening). Muslims are encouraged to pray wherever they are during appointed times. The principle communal weekly day of worship is F |
| Zakat (alms) | Muslims encouraged to give alms for the support of the faith and of the poor. Used to aid the poor, needy, in debt, education, health services. Required of all adult Muslims if minimum level of wealth is owned. 1/40 of income for zakat. |
| Sawn (fasting)—Ramadan | Ramadan- two types of sawn: permanent and Ramadan. Permanent: consumption of pork and alcohol prohibited. Ramadan: Muslims observe a solemn fast during Ramadan, the ninth month in the Islamic calendar (occurs at a different time each year). The most ho |
| Hajj (pilgrimage) | make at least once in a lifetime, a pilgrimage to Mecca. Several stages of Hajj Circumambulating Ka’aba- walk 7 times counter-clockwise around Ka’aba Running between Safa and Marwa seven times Drinking water at Zamzam Standing Ceremony Stoning Satan |
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