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Step 1 10.10.12
Microbiology VII
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What causes typhoid fever vs typhus? | Typhoid fever: bacteria= Salmonella typhi typhus: bacteria=Rockettsia prowaseklii (epidemic), tphi (endemic), tsutsugamushi (scrub typhus) |
| What is a naked icosahedral viral structure? | just nucelocapsid and genome |
| What is an enveloped icosahedral viral structure? | surface protein with lipid bilayer, capdis, and genome |
| What is an enveloped helical viral structure? | surface protein, matrix or core protein, lipid bilayer, and nucleocapsid and genome |
| What is viral recombination? | exchange of genes b/w 2 chr by crossing over in regions with base pair homology |
| What is viral reassortment? | viruses with segmented genomes (like influenza) exhange segments, causes pandemics |
| What is viral complementation? | 1 of 2 viruses invade cell with nonfunctional mutation, non mutated will complement mutated and make normal protein for both |
| What is viral phenotypic mixing? | infection of cell with 2 viruses, virus A can be coated by surface protein of virus B. So B will determine infectivity, but genome is still A |
| What is a live attenuated viral vaccine, do they need a booster? Who should not get them | induce both humoral and cell mediated immunity. can revert on occassion. no booster. dangerous to give to ICPt and their close contacts |
| What type of immunity can a killed virus ellicit? | only humoral, so might need booster |
| What viruses have live attenuated vaccines? | small pox, yellow fever, chicken pox, Sabin's polio virus, MMR |
| What is a mnomonic for the live attenuated vaccines? | LIVE! See SMALL YELLOW CHICKENS get vaccinated with SABIN's and MMR! |
| Which viruses have a killed virus vaccine? | Rabies, Influenza, Salk Polio, HAV vaccine |
| What is a mnonic for the killed virus vaccines? | salK=killed. RIP Always. Rabies, Influenza, Salk Polio, HAV |
| What are 2 viral recombinant vaccines? | HBV (HBsAg, HPV (6,11,16,18) |
| What is the only DNA virus with ssDNA? | parvovirus |
| Wich 3 DNA viral genomes are non linear? | pailloma, polyoma, hepadnavirus (circular) |
| What is the only dsRNA virus? | reoviridae |
| What are 7 positive ssRNA viruses? | Retrovirus, Togavirus, flavivirus, Coronavirus, Hepevirus,calicivirus, picronavirus |
| What is the mnemonic for the +ssRNA viruses? | I went to a RETRO TOGA party where I drank FLAVored CORONA and ate HIPPY CALifornia PICKLES |
| Which types of viruses have genomes which are infectious on their own? | dsDNA viruses (except poxvirus, HBV) and +ssRNA are infectious. -ssRNA and dsRNA arent |
| What is the only diploid virus family? | retroviruses, 2 identical ssRNA molecules |
| Where do DNA viruses replicate? What is the exception? | nucleus, except poxvirus |
| Where do RNA viruses duplicate? What is the exception? | cytoplasm, except influenza and retroviruses |
| what are 7 naked viruses? | Calcivirus, Picronavirus, Reovirus, Parvovirus, adenovirus, Papilloma, Polyoma virus |
| What is a mnemonic for the naked viruses? | Naked CPR and PAPP smear (DNA=PAPP RNA=CPR) |
| Where do enveloped viruses get their envelope? What is the exception? | usually plasma membrane when they leave. Except herpesvirus which gets it from the nuclear membrane |
| What are 7 DNA viruses? | Hepadna, Herpes, Adeno, Pox, Parvo, Papilloma, Polyoma |
| What is a mnemonic for the DNA viruses? | HHAPPPPy |
| What are the general charactersitics of DNA viruses? | 1.ds 2. linear 3. icosahedral 4. replicate in nuclease |
| Which virus is the exception to the rule that DNA viruses are ds and linear? | Parvovirus is single stranded. papilloma and polyoma( supercoiled) and hepadna (circular and incomplete) do not have linear genomes |
| What is the exception to the rule that all DNA viruses are icosahedral and replicate in the nucleus? | Pox virus has a complex shape and carries its own DNA dependent RNA pol |
| What is the envelope and DNA structure of the Herpesvirus family? | has an envelope, dsDNA |
| What does HSV-1 cause? (3) | oral (and some genital) lesions, spontaneous temporal lobe encephalitis, keratoconjunctivitis |
| What does HSV-2 cause? | genital (some oral) lesions |
| What does VZV (HHV-3) cause? | chickenpox, zoster(shingles) |
| What diesease does EBV(HHV-4) cause? (3) | mononuceloisis, Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma |
| What disease does CMV (HHV-5) cause? | infects IcPT(espAIDS retinitis), transplant recipient, congenital defectos (SIGHT-omegalovirus) |
| What does HHV-6 cause? | roseola (exathem subitum) |
| What does HHV-8 (KSHV) cause? | Kaposi's sarcoma |
| What is the enveolpe and DNA structure of Hepadnavirus? | has an envelope, DS but partial circular |
| What disease does HBV cause? Is there a vaccine? What is interesting about it's enzymes? | acute or chronic hepatitis, vaccine containes HBV surface Ag. has reverse trancriptase |
| What is the enveope and genome of adenovirus? | Non enveloped linear dsDNA |
| What 3 diseases does adenovirus cause? | febrile pharyngitis (ST, acutue hemorragic cystitis), pneumonia, conjunctivitis- pink eye(watery) |
| What is the envelope and genome structure of parvovirus? | no envelope. ss linear (-) DNA. smallest DNA virus |
| What diesease does parvovirus like B19 virus cause? | aplastic crises in SCA, slapped cheek rash in children-5th disese, RBC destructuion in fetus causing hydrops fetalis, pure RBC aplasia and RA in adults |
| What are the enveope and genome characterisitcs of papillomavirus? | no envelope, dsDNA circular |
| What does HPV 1,2,6,11 cause? | warts |
| What does HPV 16, 18 cause? | CIN, cervical cancer |
| What HPV strains is there a vaccine for? | 16, 18 |
| What are the envelope and genome characterisitics of polyomavirus? | no envelope. dsDNA circular |
| What does JC polyomavirus cause? Who gets it? | progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV |
| What does BK polyomavirus cause? who gets it? | targets kidney in transplant pt |
| What is the envelope and genome of Pox virus? | enveloped dsDNA linear virus. largest |
| What does vaccina poxvirus cause? | cow pox, milkmaids blisters |
| What is molluscum contagiosum and what virus family causes it? | fleshcolored dome lesions with central dimple. caused by pox family of viruses |
| Where is HSV-1 found latent? what disease does it cause? | trigeminal ganglia. causes gingivostomatitis, keratoconjunctivits, temporal lobe encephalitis. herpes labialis |
| How is HSV-1 transmitted? | secretions or saliva |
| What does HSV-2 cause and where is it latent? | causes genital herpes, neonatal herpes. latent in sacral ganglia |
| How is HSV-2 spread? | sexual contact, perinatal |
| What disease does VZV cause? where does it go latent? | varicella zoster ( chicken pox/shingles). latent in dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia) |
| What does EBV cause? Where does it go latent? | cuases infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Latent in B cells |
| How is VZV spread? | respiratory secretions |
| How is EBV spead? | saliva, respiratory secretions |
| What does CMV cause, where does it go latent? | congetina linfection (negative monospot), pneumonia, retinitis. latent in mononiuclear cells |
| What is characteristic of a cell infected with CMV? | owl's eye inclusions |
| How is CMV spread? | congential, transfusion, sexual contact, saliva, urine, transplant |
| high fevers for several days that can cause seizures. followed by diffues macular rash. esp in kids. Pathogen? | Roseola. likely HHV-6 |
| How is HHV-8 spread, what does it cause? | spread by sexual contact. causes Kaposi's sarcoma |
| What is a Tzanck test and what pathogens does it assay for? What else might be seen? | smear of opened skin vesicle to lok for multinucleated giant cells. Assay for HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV. Cells will also have intra nuclear Cowdry A inclusions |
| What is a mnomonic for the things detected by a Tzanck test? | Tzanck heavens I dont have herpes |
| 15-20 yr old, characterized by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy. Pathogen? what might be seen on a peripheral blood smear? | EBV. atypical lymphocytes are not infected B cells but rather reactive cytotoxic T cells |
| What is a monospot test? what does it mean if positive? | detects EBV via agglutination of sheep or horse RBCs. so can be positive with Burkitt's and Hodgkins lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. |
Created by:
tjs2123
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