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Back

Overview and development of the back 10/1/12

QuestionAnswer
What are the regions of the developing spinal cord? neuroepithelial, mantle, marginal
What does the neuroepithelial zone develop into? all spinal neurons and some support cells
What does the mantle develop into? Neuroblast cells - alar and basal plates
What does the marginal zone develop into? White matter - anterior
Where are sensory cell bodies located? alar plates --> posterior horn
Where are motor cell bodies located? basal plates --> anterior horn
Where is the intermediate horn located? between the anterior and posterior horn (sympathetic cells) (ANS)
Roots develop from __________. axons
What does the alar plate contain? posterior horn - sensory neurons
What does the basal plate contain? Anterior horn - motor neurons
What does the intermediate horn contain? Sympathetic cells (ANS)
Where are spinal ganglia cells derived from? Neural crest
What do spinal ganglia contain? sensory root axons to dorsal horn
What do anterior horn cells contain? Motor root axons to myotome
What does a dermatome innervate? Skin
What does a myotome innervate? Skeletal muscle
What does a sclerotome innervate? Connective tissue
What is the C3 dermatome landmark? Neck
What is the T4 dermatome landmark? Nipple
What is the T10 dermatome landmark? Umbilicus
What is the L1 dermatome landmark? inguinal line
What is the C8 dermatome landmark? 5th digit of the hand
What is the C6 dermatome landmark? Pollex
What is the L4 dermatome landmark? Knee
What is the L5 dermatome landmark? Anterior ankle and foot
What is the S2 dermatome landmark? Posterior lower limb
Where do the nerves that go through the anterior ramus go? Hypomere
What does the hypomere consist of? Skin everywhere but midline of back, and hypaxial (extrinsic) muscles
Where do the nerves that go through the posterior root go? Epimere
What does the epimere consist of? skin along the midline of back (to costal angle) and to epaxial (intrinsic) back muscles
How does development of the sclerotome occur? Resegmentation to allow for gap for axon.
How many sclerotome segments is each vertebrae made of?
What does sclerotomal mesenchyme surround, and what does it become? neural tube and notochord. Becomes vertebrae and ribs
What does the mesenchyme condense into? Cartilage --> bone
What is the last part of the vertebrae to form? spinous process
What happens when the spinous process doesn't form? Spina bifida
What is the spina bifida characterized by incomplete formation with usually no adverse effects? Hairs will form over location. Spina bifida occulta
What is the spina bifida characterized by the development of herniation without spinal cord displacement? Meningocele
What is the spina bifida where the spinal cord herniates into subarachnoid space? Meningomyelocele
What is the fatal form of spina bifida involving folded neural tissue? Fetus usually doesn't come to term. Rachischisis
The notochord leaves no trace, except as the _______ _________. nucleus pulposus
The sclerotomal mesenchyme becomes the __________. vertebra
The nucleus pulposus is surrounded by a ring of fibrocartilage called the ___________ __________. anulus fibrosus
In the embryo, where does the spinal cord end? Full length of vertebral canal
At 6 months gestation, where does the spinal cord end? S1
In the newborn, where does the spinal cord end? L2-L3
Over the age of 2, where does the spinal cord end? L1-L2
Vertebral body T12 is in close association with the _________ _________ cord segments lower lumbar
Vertebral body L1 is in close association with all ___________ spinal cord segments sacral
Created by: 583931909
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