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8th gr Sci ch 2 test
8th grade science ch 2 test review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This occurs when a solid substance turns directly into vapor w/out becoming a liquid 1st | sublimation |
| Combinations of 2 or more pure substances | mixture |
| If vaporization occurs over a long time at temperatures below the boiling point of that liquid | evaporation |
| Solid, Liquid, or gas | state of matter |
| The state of matter in the sun; acts like a gas but has charged electrically charged particles | plasma |
| materials made of just 1 kind of particle | pure substance |
| Forms when the attraction between particles is greater than their ability to move away from each other | solid |
| Anything that occupies space and has a mass | matter |
| Particles in the vapor state can collect on cool surfaces w/out becoming a liquid 1st | deposition |
| Froms when gas particles clump 2gether as temperatures drop and a liquid forms | condensation |
| When warm temperatures move particles of a solid far apart forming a liquid | melting |
| This form of energy usually determines a substance's state of matter | temperature |
| Combinations of 2 or more pure substances | mixture |
| When particles are far apart and move very fast | gas |
| If vaporization occurs over a long time at temperatures below the boiling point of that liquid | evaporation |
| When particles slow down until their attraction to each other locks them into a fixed position | freezing/solidification |
| Solid, Liquid, or gas | state of matter |
| The change from a liquid state to a vapor | vaporization |
| The state of matter in the sun; acts like a gas but has charged electrically charged particles | plasma |
| Happens when vaporization happens so fast that bubbles form in a liquid | boiling |
| materials made of just 1 kind of particle | pure substance |
| Forms when particles of a substance can move around but are still close together | liquid |
| Forms when the attraction between particles is greater than their ability to move away from each other | solid |
| A mocha latte would be an example of a _________ | mixture |
| Anything that occupies space and has a mass | matter |
| Which of these is an example of a pure substance? The air we breathe, solid iron or concrete slab | solid iron |
| Particles in the vapor state can collect on cool surfaces w/out becoming a liquid 1st | deposition |
| Which is NOT a fluid? Compressed gas in a gas grill, mercury in a thermometer, or a bar of pure gold | a bar of pure gold |
| Froms when gas particles clump 2gether as temperatures drop and a liquid forms | condensation |
| A substance's state of matter is most directly affected by its? | temperature |
| When warm temperatures move particles of a solid far apart forming a liquid | melting |
| Liters, meters and grams are all measures of______? Volume, mass, density or weight? | mass |
| This form of energy usually determines a substance's state of matter | temperature |
| Which force is responsible for the grinding and wearing away of rock as a glacier moves over it? compression, tension, shear or friction | friction |
| When particles are far apart and move very fast | gas |
| Which of these is a field force? compression, friction, magnetism or shear | magnetism |
| When particles slow down until their attraction to each other locks them into a fixed position | freezing/solidification |
| Which force is significant in producing a landslide? gravity, magnetism, tension or electrical | gravity |
| The change from a liquid state to a vapor | vaporization |
| Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can only change from one form to another | 1st law of thermodynamics |
| Happens when vaporization happens so fast that bubbles form in a liquid | boiling |
| Atoms with more or fewer electrons than protons | Ion |
| Forms when particles of a substance can move around but are still close together | liquid |
| A mocha latte would be an example of a _________ | mixture |
| Which of these is an example of a pure substance? The air we breathe, solid iron or concrete slab | solid iron |
| Which is NOT a fluid? Compressed gas in a gas grill, mercury in a thermometer, or a bar of pure gold | a bar of pure gold |
| A substance's state of matter is most directly affected by its? | temperature |
| Liters, meters and grams are all measures of______? Volume, mass, density or weight? | mass |
| Which force is responsible for the grinding and wearing away of rock as a glacier moves over it? compression, tension, shear or friction | friction |
| Which of these is a field force? compression, friction, magnetism or shear | magnetism |
| Which force is significant in producing a landslide? gravity, magnetism, tension or electrical | gravity |
| Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can only change from one form to another | 1st law of thermodynamics |
| Atoms with more or fewer electrons than protons | Ion |
| Distinct particles formed by the combination of 2 or more atoms | molecule |
| A force that acts on an object as it moves through a distance | work |
| The smallest building block of matter | atom |
| When an atom emits protons or neutrons | nuclear change |
| The ability to do work | energy |
| Form with the combination of 2 or more elements | compound |
| A pure substance made of one kind of atom | element |
| When matter changes in a way that alters appearance but not its composition | physical change |
| When a pure substance changes into another substance | chemical change |
| The gravitational attraction for an object's mass | weight |
| The space an object occupies | volume |
| It gives objects weight | gravity |
| The quantity of matter in an object of substance | mass |
| If you want to find the weight of an object, you should use... balance, compass, graduated cylinder or spring scale | balance |
| Your weight is directly linked to... gravity, friction, compression or tension | gravity |
| Which of these would be a physical change? An icicle forms along a cliff edge, salts from the soil dissolve in a river, water in the atmosphere forms a weak acid, or uranium core emits heat | an icicle forms along a cliff edge |
| The atomic number of an element tells you how many _____ are in the nucleus. protons, cells, electrons or neutrons | protons |
| What kind of change (physical, chemical or nuclear) is....? ocean waves and sand erode a sea cave in a solid rock cliff | physical |
| What kind of change (physical, chemical or nuclear) is....? fallen snow compacts into an ice glacier | physical |
| What kind of change (physical, chemical or nuclear) is....? a solid rock decomposes into a different substance (clay) from exposure to sun and rain | chemical |
| What kind of change (physical, chemical or nuclear) is....? a pond dries up | physical |
| What kind of change (physical, chemical or nuclear) is....? a sample of uranium slowly turns into the element lead over a long period of time | nuclear |
| Define matter. Why is it hard to completely define it? | Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. This is an operational definition because it is not always possible to use more basic words to describe a concept in science. |
| Discuss the differences between pure substances and mixtures. | Pure substances are materials made of just one kind of particle. Mixtures are combinations of 2 or more pure substances or other materials. |
| What mainly determines a material's state of matter? How does it affect the particles of the material? | The state of matter is just a physical form of matter described by its rigidity or fluidity, its ability to hold its shape & how definite its volume is. The particles move from different speeds when in different temperatures. |
| What are the differences in the motions and arrangements for particles in solids and liquids? | The solids attraction between particles is greater than their ability to move away from each other. Their particles vibrate in a fixed place. Liquids move around but are still close together, do not have a fixed shape but their volumes are constant. |
| What are the differences in the motions and arrangements for particles between liquids and vapor? | Liquids move around but are still close together, do not have a fixed shape but their volumes are constant. In vapor, the particles are far apart and move very fast, have no attraction to each other, and have no constant volume. |
| How is the plasma state of a substance different from the gas of the same substance? | Plasmas act like gases, but their particles move so fast & collide so hard that they break apart & become electrically charged. Gases are far apart & move very fast. They have no attraction for each other, no fixed shape, & no constant volume. |
| Name the state of change of the following... water vapor becomes liquid water droplets | condensation |
| Name the state of change for the following... molten steel hardens | freezing (solidification) |
| Name the state of change for the following... on a cold, clear night, ice forms on the windshield of your family car | deposition |
| Name the state of change for the following... a block of fry ice slowly disappears | sublimation |
| Name the state of change for the following... a beaker of liquid oxygen bubbles and forms oxygen gas | boiling |
| Name 3 ways to measure matter | You can measure matter by weight, volume & mass |
| What is a force? In what 2 ways can a force relate to an object? | A force is a push or pull. (contact forces & field forces) There can be compression between objects, this force happens when you crush a soda can. Magnetic force happens in the solar system with the earth, planets and moon revolving. |
| What are the 2 types of forces? How are they different? | Contact Forces (C.F.) & Field Forces (F.F.) - CF occurs when objects touch. FF act on objects separated by distance. |
| Name the force responsible for the following... lightning | electric |
| Name the force responsible for the following... sand wearing away rock as water flows over the rock | friction |
| Name the force responsible for the following... increasing pressure as you go deeper in the ocean | compression |
| Name the force responsible for the following... a chunk of glacier falling off into the ocean to form an iceberg | gravity |
| Name the force responsible for the following... a rope holding up a cave explorer | tension |
| Name the force responsible for the following... a landslide (2 possible answers) | gravity |
| What force acts against gravity to keep you from sinking into solid ground when you stand? | weight |
| T or F: Your feet exert compressive force on the ground where you stand. | true |
| What is true about the forces acting on a rock sitting on the ground? | Both forces act on the rock, pushing and pulling it with no movement. |
| Even if scientists do discover dark matter during a LHC experiment, would that prove the universe started with a big bang? Explain. | No, because there are still no facts, or a Bible or history telling us that the big bang is real. |
| How would a scientist define work? | Force that acts on an object as it moves through a distance. |
| Define energy. What happens to an object's energy when work is done on it? | Energy is the ability an object has to do work. When work is done on an object, energy is added or taken from it. |
| What are the 2 kinds of mechanical energy? What affects each kind of energy? | Kinetic & Potential Energy - KE is in a moving object. PE depends on its mass & the distance it could fall. The higher it is, the greater its PE. |
| Identify the main kinds of energy released by the following object. piano | sound |
| Identify the main kinds of energy released by the following object. toaster | thermal/electrical |
| Identify the main kinds of energy released by the following object. a computer monitor screen | light |
| Identify the main kinds of energy released by the following object. static on a sweater | electrical |
| Identify the main kinds of energy released by the following object. food | chemical |
| What happens to energy when it is used? What is this principle called? | It changes from one form to another since it cannot be created or destroyed. Conservation of Energy |
| T or F: An avalanche of rocks is dangerous because of the huge amount of kinetic energy it develops as the rocks fall. | True |
| Discuss the 3 main subatomic particles. Where are they located within the atom? What are their relative masses? Describe the electrical charge of each. | Protons - in the nucleus, relatively large mass & single, positive charge. Neutrons - in nucleus, slightly more mass than protons & no charge. Electrons - in the space around the nucleus, have a negative charge, 1840 times smaller than Proton/Neutron. |
| Compare and contrast neutral atoms and atomic ions. | Neutral atoms have equal numbers of protons & electrons. Atomic Ions are atoms with more or fewer electrons than protons. |
| What is a chemical compound? | The atoms from an element bonded with the atoms from other elements. |
| In what 3 ways can particles in matter be arranged? What kind of particles make up most of the earth's atmosphere? | Atoms, Molecules & Compounds. Compounds make up most of the Earth's atmosphere. |
| Describe 3 ways matter can change? | Physical changes, chemical changes & nuclear changes |
| State the kind of change in matter in the example below... fallen snow compacts into glacier ice | physical |
| State the kind of change in matter in the example below... a solid rock decomposes into a different substance (called clay) from exposure to sun and rain | chemical |
| State the kind of change in matter in the example below... a sample of radioactive uranium slowly tuns into the element lead over a long period of time | nuclear |
| State the kind of change in matter in the example below... a pond dries up | physical |
| State the kind of change in matter in the example below... acid rain eats away the features of a limestone statue in New York City | chemical |
| Compare and contrast neutral atoms and atomic ions. | Neutral atoms have equal numbers of protons & electrons. Atomic Ions are atoms with more or fewer electrons than protons. |
| T or F: when a log burns, its matter disappears. | False |
| What is a chemical compound? | The atoms from an element bonded with the atoms from other elements. |
| In what 3 ways can particles in matter be arranged? What kind of particles make up most of the earth's atmosphere? | Atoms, Molecules & Compounds. Compounds make up most of the Earth's atmosphere. |
| Describe 3 ways matter can change? | Physical changes, chemical changes & nuclear changes |
| State the kind of change in matter in the example below... ocean waves & sand erode a sea cave in a solid rock cliff | physical |
| How is the use of nuclear reactions for power generation an example of good and wise dominion science? | We are using what God has provided for us to power our Earth, and by doing that we are further exploring everything God has made. |
| What is dark matter and why are scientists looking for it? | Dark matter is unseen matter needed to pull things together. Scientists believe finding it will prove the Big Bang Theory is correct. Without the matter, the Big Bang Theory doesn't work. |
| How are operational definitions in science examples of the models that scientists create of the world? | Because the operational definition allows scientists to set up tests tht the defined term has to pass. |
| How does distance between particles and particle motion change as a solid substance becomes a gas? | When they are gas, they are far apart and move fast. |
| Which kind of vaporization can occur at any temperature between the freezing and boiling points of a substance? | Evaporation |
| If a lunar astronaut wanted to know the quantity of matter in moon rock he had collected, would he want to know its mass or weight? Explain. | Mass, because the weight changes depending on the gravitational pull. |
| A glass of milk sits on a table. What forces act on the glass of milk? | Gravity |
| Would you do more work lifting a box from the floor to the top of a table, or from the floor to a shelf above your head? Why? | floor to the shelf above your head because you go against gravity more and you have more height to cover. |
| Which will probably break a pane of glass, a small rock sitting on the glass or the same rock thrown at the glass. Why? | The rock thrown at the glass because of kinetic energy and the force behind it. The rock sitting on the glass just has potential energy. |
| what type of energy is this an example of? music player ear buds | sound energy |
| What type of energy is this an example of? A match before it's struck | Electrical energy |
| what type of energy is this? LED on a DVD player display | Magnetic energy |
| What energy is this? flashlight battery | Light energy |
| What energy is this? stove burner | Thermal energy |
| What energy is this? A power plant that uses uranium for fuel | Nuclear energy |
| Does the identity of an unchanged atom change when it becomes an ion? explain | Yes, the normally equal protons & electrons change to uneven |
| Why is a compound considered a pure substance? | Because a compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions. |
| What is the difference between the molecules of an element and the molecules of a compound? | A element is made up of only 1 type of atom, a compound bonds with different types of elements. |
| Which changes in matter can produce an atom different from the original? | Nuclear changes |
Created by:
bgpalmers
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