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Anti-Epileptic Drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Carbamazapine, Phenobarbital will decrease plasma levels. Alcohol, Diazepam and Methylphenidate will increase levels. Valporate will displace it from plasma proteins. | Phenytoin |
| Stimulates the metabolism of other drugs by inducing microsomal enzymes and it's own metabolism. | Carbamazapine |
| Sever CNS depression when combined with Alcohol or benzodiazapines | Phenobarbital |
| Enhances CNS depressants Drug metabolism, phenytoin increases conversion to phenobarbital | Primidone |
| Can enhance the action of other CNS depressants | Diazepam and Clonazepam (Benzodiazapines) |
| May potentiate CNS depressants, displaces phenytoin from plasma proteins, inhibits metabolism of Phenobarbital, phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Euthosuximide & Lamotrigine | Valporate |
| Administration with valproate results in inhibition of its metabolism | Ethosuximide |
| Stimulates metabolism of other drugs by inducing the microsomal enzymes and it's own metabolism. Less toxic than Carbamazapine | Oxycarbazepine |
| No Drug interactions Known | Gabapentin |
| It's levels are increased by Valproate, but decreased by Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital and PHenytoin | Lamotrigine |
| This increases plasma phenytoin and valproate, but decreaeses Carbamazapine | Felbamate |
| The drug interactions of these 4 drugs are very minimal | Levetiracetam, tiagabine, and Zonisamide & Vigabatrin |
| This drug can lessen effects of Birth Control | Topiramate |
| These drugs are first line of defense for Partial seizures. Both act on what? | Phenytoin and Carbamazapine. Both Inhibit use-dependent Na+ channels. |
| These are used for Status epilepticus. What do they act on? | Benzodiazapines (Diazepam and Clonazepam). They are allosteric modulators of GABAa receptors (They increase frequency of the channel opening) |
| This drug is used for partial seizures, and it's effect is the same as Phenobarbital. What is the drug? And what is Phenobarbital used for? | Primidone. Both increase the amount of time GABAa receptors are open. Phenobarbital is a second-line drug used for partial seizures in adults, but it's very effective in Neonates |
| This drug is the first-line drug for generalzied seizures. And also used for partial seizures. What is it? It's mechanism of action? | Valproate. It enhances GABA transmission (Opens GABAa & GABAb receptors. Activates Glutamate Decarboxylase. Inhiibits GABA transaminase). It opens K+ channels. It blocks Na+ & Ca+ channels. |
| This is the key drug of choice for Absense seizures. Mechanism of action? | Ethosuximide. It blocks T-type Ca++ channels in the thalamus |
| This drug is an add-on therapy and a monotherapy for partial seizures that don't respond to any other AED's | Oxcarbazepine |
| It's an Add-on therapy for Partial seizures but also effective in newly diagnosed partial epilepsy. It may block GABA reuptake. | Gabapentin |
| This drug is an Add-on therapy and a monotherapy for refractory (unmanageable) partial seizures. It's effective against generalized seizures, & is also effective in Lennox Gastaut Syndrome and newly diagnosed epilepsy. | Lamotrigine |
| This drug is a 3rd line drug for refractory partial seizures | Felbamate |
| This drug is an add-on therapy for partial seizures. It binds to synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, and may regulate NT release | Levetiracetam |
| This drug is an add-on therapy for partial seizures and interferes with GABA reuptake | Tiagabine |
| This drus is an add on therapy for partial and generalized seizures. It blocks Na & T-type ca channels | Zonisamide |
| This drugg blocks use-dependent Na channels, glutamate release and may block ca channels | Lamotrigine |
| This drug is an add-on for refractory partial or generalized seizures. It's an effective monotherapy for partial or generalized seizures. And Lennox Gastaut Syndrom | Topiramate. Blocks Use-dependent Na channels, increase frequency of GABAa channel openings, and blocks AMPA receptors |
| This drug is an add-ontherapy for partial seizures, and monotherapy for Infantile spasms (NOT available in the US) Mechanism of Action? | Vigabatrin. Blocks GABA-transaminase |
| First line of drugs for secondray generalized seizures are | Carbamazepine and Phenytoin |
| What is the first line of drug for Tonic-clonic, myoclonic and absensce seizures | Valproate |
| these drugs are only effective on one type of Generalized Seizures: Tonic-clonic seizures | Phenytoin and carbamazepine |
| These block absence seizures. But only one of them protects against the tonic-clonic seizures that sometimes develop (which is it?) | Ethosuximide & Valproate (this is the drug) |
| These drugs are effective for Generalized Onset Seizures | Benzodiazapines & Barbiturates: Clonazepam, phenobarbital or primidone |
| These drugs are effective against Tonic-clonic, absence and tonic seizures | Lamotrigine, topiramate and Zonisamide |
| What drugs are used to treat Status Epilepticus? What is Status Epi? | IV Diazepam or Lorazapam, followed by Phenytoin, fosphenytoin or phenobarbital. Status epi is a medical emergency in which the seizure lasts for more than 30 mins or two or more sequential seizures occur without full recovery of consciousness in between |
| This drug causes Agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia in the elderly. A mild transient leukopenia and may exacerbate some generalized seizures | Carbamazapine |
| This drug reduces folic acid, causes gum hyperplasia, hirsutisum, Fetal Hedatoyin syndrome, blocks Vit-K dependent clotting factors | Phenytoin |
| Can cause hepatoxicity in esp in less than 2 year olds and can cause birth defects along with anorexia, hair loss weight gain | Valproate |
| Can cause a potentially life-threatning dermatitis | Lamotrigine |
| can cause palastic anemia and hepatitis | Felbamate |
| cause CNS sedation | Tiagabine, Zonisamide & Topiramate |
| cause CNS depression | LEvetiracetam |
| CNS sedation and Opthalmologic abnormalities | Vigabatrin |
| Gabapentin and Carbamazapine are used for what else besides AED? | Neuropathic Pain |
| Lamotrigine and carbamazepine are used for what else besides AED? | Bipolar disorder |
| Leviteracitam, valproate, topirimate and gabapentin are used for what else besides AEDs? | Migranes |
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