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GEOL Exam1
CWI GEOL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Historical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils and geologic events, utilizing the geologic time scale as a reference; physical geology includes the study of how rocks form and of how erosion shapes the land surface | What are the basic differences between the disciplines of physical and historical geology? |
| Continental rift along which parts of the African continent are beginning to slowly separate | The volcanoes and deep valleys of east Africa are related to a ___ |
| Biotite | What is the name of dark, iron rich member of the mica family? |
| Oceanic ridges | The most prominent features on the ocean floor are the __ |
| Luster | Which of the following describes the light reflecting and transmission characteristics of a mineral? |
| Along the margins of continents | Active (young) mountain belts are most likely to be found ___ |
| A deep, vertical fault along which two plates slide past one another in opposite directions | A transform plate boundary is characterized by ___ |
| Calcite | Which of the following will react readily with hydrochloric acid? |
| Crust | The ___ is the thinnest layer of the Earth. |
| Subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries | Cooler, older, oceanic lithosphere sinks (or gets shoved) into the mantle at ___ |
| Gold | Which of the following has the highest specific gravity? |
| Outer core | The ___ is thought to be a liquid, metallic region in the Earth’s interior. |
| Divergent boundaries | New oceanic crust and lithosphere are formed at ___ |
| Electrons | What are the lightest (least massive) of the atomic particles? |
| Volcanoes fed by a long-lived hot spot below the Pacific lithospheric plate | Which one of the following most accurately describes the volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands? |
| Silicates | Which group of minerals are the most abundant in the Earth’s crust? |
| Catastrophism | ___, a popular natural philosophy of the 17th and early 18th centuries, was based on a firm belief in a very short geological history for Earth. |
| Organic | Which of the following does not characterize a mineral? |
| 2 centimeters/year | ___ is an average speed for a tectonic plate |
| Valence | In an atom, the electrons in the outer shell interact with other atoms. We refer to these as ___ electrons |
| Convergent (oceanic/continental) | Just off the western coast of South America is an excellent example of which type of plate boundary? |
| Transferred from one atom to another | In Ionic bonding |
| Biosphere | The ___ refers to the sum total of all life on earth |
| Native elements | Minerals that are comprised of just one element are referred to as ___ |
| Red Sea | The ___ is (are) a logical evolutionary example of what the African Rift Valleys might look like ten million years from now |
| Oxygen | What element is the most abundant in the Earth’s crust? |
| Hot spot | A very long-lived magma source located deep in the mantle is called a ___ |
| 4 oxygen ions | The ion at the center of a silicate tetrahedron is surrounded by ___ |
| Lithosphere | The ___ forms the relatively cool, brittle plates of plate tectonics |
| Northward movement of India into Eurasia | The ___ is an example of an active, continent-continent collision |
| They are black to dark-green, silicate minerals containing iron and magnesium | Which of the following best characterizes ferromagnesian silicates? |
| They believed Earth to be much younger than current estimates | Compared to the age of Earth accepted today, how did 17th and 18th century proponents of catastrophism envision the Earth’s age? |
| Gold has a higher density and specific gravity than quartz and olivine | A cubic centimeter of quartz, olivine, and gold weigh 2.5, 3.0 and 19.8 grams respectively. This indicates that ___ |
| Alfred Wegener | In the early part of the 20th century, ___ argued forcefully for continental drift |
| Diamond | What mineral is the hardest known substance in nature? |
| Earth's ocean basins are very old and stable features. | Which one of the following is an important fundamental assumption underlying the plate tectonic theory? |
| paleosphere | The _____ is not a part of the Earth's physical environment. |
| 4.5 Billion years. | The scientifically accepted age of the earth is |
| None of the above. | Today, _____is in about the same geographic position as during late Paleozoic time. |
| quartz | Which mineral is composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2)? |
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