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AP Biology

Chapter 8 Photosynthesis

QuestionAnswer
What role do autotrophs fill in the biosphere? To produce food
Indicate the role of the stomate structure within the leaf: responsible for gas exchange
Indicate the role of the mesophyll cells structure within the leaf: interior leaf exchange gases with the outside
Indicate the role of the thylakoid membranes structure within the leaf: interconnected system that water comes through
Indicate the role of the stroma structure within the leaf: contains enzymes required to produce
What is the source of oxygen released from photosynthesis? Light reactions
In the overview of photosynthesis, indicate the most significant function of light reaction. Convert solar energy to chemical energy makes ATP
In the overview of photosynthesis, indicate the most significant function of the Calvin cycle. To drive synthesis reactions
Light is a form of energy known as: Photon
Visible light has a wavelength range of: 380 - 750 nm
Plant light receptors absorb higher wavelengths of light.
Plant light receptors reflect lower wavelengths of light.
The porphyrin ring of chlorophyll contains the element carbon.
The role of the porphyrin ring of chlorophyll is to create Krebs cycle.
What does chlorophyll do when excited by photons? Gives off a green reflection to make it look green
Rubisco Enzymes that bond CO2 and RUBP. Also, runs carbon fixation
Carbon fixation Taking a carbon and attaching it to a compound
How does cyclic differ from noncyclic photophosphorylation? Noncyclic - no NADP available, cyclic - NADP is available
To generate ATP, chloroplasts rely on the ETC to carry electrons
To generate ATP, ATP is synthesized when it is recieved by a primary acceptor
What happens to water within the thylakoid membrane and stroma? Used to drink water
What happens to high energy electrons within the thylakoid membrane and stroma? Transported to make ATP
What happens to H+ within the thylakoid membrane and stroma? Combines with compound
What happens to oxygen within the thylakoid membrane and stroma? Breathed out of plant
What happens to NADP+ within the thylakoid membrane and stroma? Goes in Calvin cycle
What happens to ADP within the thylakoid membrane and stroma? Used for energy for plant
Where in the chloroplast is the H+ concentration highest? In the roots of the plants
What happens during carbon fixation? CO2 enters the Calvin cycle
List the materials the plant uses during the Calvin cycle and the source of the materials. Rubisco, 3C, PGA, CO2, RUBP, PGAL
The products of the Calvin cycle are PGAL
What environmental and internal challenges have forced both C4 and CAM plants to evolve alternatives to the photosysthesis system used by other plants? The dying off of photorespiration
Why do high oxygen levels inhibit photosysthesis? Because oxygen goes out an CO2 com into plant
What happens during photorespiration and why is it considered bad for plants? When O2 is high concentration and Rubisco combines it to RUBD. It's bad because it can't make sugar / ATP
What evolutionary adaptations to the Calvin cycle are seen in C4 plants like sugar cane? The separating of CO2 and the Calvin cycle, different enzymes to capture CO2
What eveolutionary adaptation to the Calvin cycle is seen in CAM plants like cacti? The opening and closing based on the time of day
What is the primary function of photosynthesis? Light energy is converted into stored chemical energy
Name 2 molecules that are produced during the light dependent reactions of phototsynthesis and serve as temporary sites for energy storage. ATP and NADPH
When a molecule loses an electron, the molecule has been oxidized.
When a molecule gains an electron, the molecule has lost energy.
What is the name of the three carbon molecule that is a product of the Calvin cycle (dark reactions)? phosphoglycerate (PGA)
Which has the most energy: one photon of green light, one photon of red light, or one photon of blue light? One photon of blue light
Chlorophyll is green because it reflects green wave lengths of light.
"Packets" or "particles" of light are called? photons
What happens during the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis? Energy from sunlight is used to split water, manufacture ATP, and reduce NADP+, forming NADPH
What happens during the light independent reactions of photosynthesis? Carbon from carbon dioxide becomes incorporated into organic molecules and is used to make carbohydrate
What happens to an electron in chlorophyll in Photosystem II when the electron absorbs light energy? Moves to higher energy level, passes along electron transport chain and is donated to P700 in photosystem I
General equation describing photosynthesis. light + 6 H2O + 6 CO2 → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Chloroplasts sites where both light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis occur
Stroma outside phospholipid bilayer membrane enclosing a fluid, part of chloroplasts
Thylakoids individual pancake like membranes located within the stroma
Granum A stack of pancake like membranes (thylakoids)
Photorespiration the biosynthetic pathway that leads to the fixation of oxygen
Peroxisomes Specialized cellular organelles found near chloroplasts, function to break down photorespiration products
What is the original source of all energy used by nearly all organisms on earth? The sun
Relating to photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll is found in the membranes of thylakoids.
When decidous trees drop their leaves in the fall, the leaves turn to various shades of red, orange, and yellow. The source of these colors is carotenoids.
Products of noncyclic photophosphoylation are: NADPH, ATP, and O2
Which molecule contains more stored energy: NADPH or Starch Starch. 1 molecule starch = 36 ATP molecules, 1 molecule NADPH = 3 ATP molecules
What occurs in cyclic photophosphorylation? Electrons move along an electron transport chain, electrons in chlorophyll become excited, ATP is produced, light energy is absorbed
Releases oxygen Photolysis
Stores energy obtained from light into NADPH. Noncyclic photophosphorylation
A metabolic pathway that involves movement of substances between two kinds of cells. C4 photosynthesis
Occurs in the stroma of a chloroplast. Calvin-Benson cycle
The ultimate source of electrons used in making a molecule of glucose. Photolysis
Does the Calvin-Benson cycle occur in the dark? No, although the Calvin-Benson cycle is light-independent, it requires ATP and NADPH from photophosphorylation (which occurs only in light).
In photosynthesis, a majority of the light reactions occurs on the stroma membranes in the chloroplast.
In photosynthesis, light energy is stored in ATP
In photosynthesis, what drives the formation of ATP from ADP + Pi? A proton gradient
In photosynthesis, when is glucose (or another 6-carbon sugar) made? During the photosynthetic process.
How is C4 photosynthesis different from C3 photosynthesis? C4 plants are more efficient CO2 fixers than are C3 plants
Created by: crescenti
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