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Pharmacology Chap 4

Test 1 Ch. 4

QuestionAnswer
Absorption The process of moving a drug across body membranes.
Affinity Chemical attraction that impels certain molecules to unite with others to form complexes.
Blood-brain barrier Anatomical structure that prevents certain substances from gaining access to the brain.
Conjugates Side chains that, during metabolism, make drugs more water soluble and more easily excreted by the kidney.
Distribution The process of transporting drugs through the body.
Drug-protein complex Drug that has bound reversibly to a plasma protein, particularly albumin, that makes the drug unavailable for distribution to body tissues.
Enterohepatic recirculation Recycling of drugs and other substances by the circulation of bile through the intestine and liver.
Enzyme induction Process in which a drug changes the function of the hepatic microsomal enzymes and increases metabolic activity in the liver.
Excretion The process of removing substances from the body.
Fetal-placental barrier Special anatomical structure that inhibits entry of many chemicals and drugs to the fetus.
First-pass effect Mechanism whereby drugs are absorbed across the intestinal wall and enter into the hepatic portal circulation.
Hepatic microsomal enzyme system As it relates to pharmacotherapy, liver enzymes that inactivate drugs and accelerate their excretion; sometimes called the P-450 system.
Loading dose Comparatively large dose given at the beginning of treatment to rapidly obtain the therapeutic effect of a drug.
Maintenance dose Dose that keeps the plasma drug concentration continuously in the therapeutic range.
Metabolism Total of all biochemical reactions in the body.
Minimum effective concentration Amount of drug required to produce a therapeutic effect.
Pharmacokinetics Study of how drugs are handled by the body.
Plasma half-life The length of time required for the plasma concentration of a drug to decrease by half after administration.
Prodrug Drug that becomes more active after it is metabolized.
Therapeutic range The dosage range or serum concentration that achieves the desired drug effects.
Toxic concentration Level of drug that will result in serious adverse effects.
4 components of pharmacokinetics Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
Absorption depends on The size of the drug molecule, its lipid solubility, its degree of ionization, and interactions with food or other medications
Drugs can be excreted by? The kidneys, bile, lung, or by glandular secretions.
Distribution depends on? Formation of drug-protein complexes and special barriers such as placenta and brain barriers.
Plateau drug plasma level can be reached by? Repeated dosing
Created by: 1SmartLady
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