Question	Answer
What is the body's most preferred energy source?	carbohydrates
Vitamin K is essential for coagulation. How and where is vitamin K produced?	By bacteria in the intestines
What nutrient is needed in the contraction of muscle?	glucose
What mineral is excreted during perspiration?	sodium
What are amino acids?	basic structural building blocks of proteins
Where is the ileocecal valve located?	between the small and large intestine
What starch-digesting enzyme do you find in saliva?	amylase
What is it called when inflammation is present in pouches that have protruded from the walls of the colon?	diverticulitis
In what way does the liver function to regulate blood sugar level?	glycogenolysis, converting glycogen to glucose & storing glucose as glycogen
Which part of the small intestine is the longest?	ileum
Where is the stomach located?	below the central tendon of the diaphragm
What is the function of the liver?	removal of toxins
Where is the pyloric sphincter located?	between the stomach and the duodenum
What enzyme is secreted by the pancreas for carbohydrate digestion?	amylase
What are the two sphincters of the stomach called?	cardiac and pyloric
Which vitamins are produced by the large intestine?	B12 & K
Name the parts of the small intestine in order that digestible substances would follow.	duodenum, jejunum, & ileum
What is the function of the plicae circulares, villi and microvilli in the small intestine?	increase surface area
What is the major function of the gallbladder?	concentrate and store bile
Where is digestion completed?	small intestine
What is one of the functions of the large intestine?	absorption of water
The duodenum receives bile by way of the common bile duct. Which organ(s) secrete bile into the common bile duct?	liver & gall bladder
What is the innermost layer of the digestive tract wall called?	mucosa
What is the function of mastification?	mechanical breakdown of food & mixing food with saliva
What is the function of the pharynx?	passage way for bolus, food & air
Which are three digestive enzymes that are secreted by the pancreas?	amylase, lipase & tripsin
What is another name for deglutition?	swallowing
How is an ulcer defined?	an area of destroyed mucous membrane, and an open sore or lesion
What is the building of proteins from amino acids an example of?	anabolism
What is the name for inflammation of the gallbladder?	cholecystitis
What is it called when larger molecules are broken down into smaller molecules?	catabolism
What is the outermost layer of gastrointestinal tract wall called?	serosa
What is it called when there is a protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm into the mediastinum?	hietal hernia
Which tissue layers in the GI tract contain blood vessels?	muscularis, mucosa, serosa & submucosa
What is colitis?	colon infection
At rest, which organ generates most heat?	liver
Dysphagia id difficulty in doing which activity?	swallowing
What is the appendix part of?	large intestine
Which one is the digestive enzyme for protein?	pepsin
What application is used for constipation?	prolonged cold
During the intake of food, what prevents food from being aspirated?	epiglottis
Which organ metabolizes carbohydrates, proteins & lipids?	liver
Which condition could be the result of stress, poor diet & lack of exercise?	constipation
Which organ stores bile and ejects concentrated bile into the duodenum during digestion?	gall bladder
Where does mass peristalsis take place?	colon
Which vitamin is manufactured in the colon by bacteria?	B12 & K
Where are the tonsils located?	Pharynx
How does disease most often enter the body?	mouth
What is the appendix attached to?	cecum
Which is the correct order of the divisions of the colon from cecum to anus?	ascending, transverse & sigmoid
Which organ can be palpated under the ribs on the right side?	liver
In which quadrant of the abdomen is the descending colon located?	upper and lower left
Which of the following are rhytmic contractions of smooth muscles in the intestines?	peristalsis
Hepatitis and cirrhosis can be developed in which organ?	liver
What is it called when the mucous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity becomes inflammed?	peritonitis
What are triglycerides?	most common type of fat in blood; major source of energy
What hormone is secreted by the pancreas that helps to regulate blood sugar levels?	glucagon
Your client has eaten a meal that has resulted in intestinal gas. Which massage method is encouraged?	parasympathetic dominance
What enzyme is secreted by the pancreas for digestion of proteins?	trypsin
Which function of the pancreas best describes the secretion of pancreatic juices (digestive enzymes)?	exocrine
Which function of the pancreas best describes the secretion of hormones?	endocrine
Killing certain bacteria in the large intestine prevents the production of essential vitamins.	TRUE
Which body structure is part of the alimentary canal?	stomach, esophogus, large intestine
The enteric nervous system of the alimentary canal includes fibers from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. What effect does stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system have on digestion?	increases digestive activities
Tissues of the GI tract are arranged in four layers, or tunics. From inside to outside these are:	mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
Which organ is not an adjacent accessory organ that facilitates processing during digestion?	kidney
The muscle contractions that create a movement through the GI tract is called?	peristalsis
Bilirubin is:	broken down red blood cells
Bile is a greenish fluid made up of bicarbonates that is produced in the:	liver
Pancreatic juices are specific enzymes designed to have a specific job. Proteasesbreak down chains of amino acids, amylases break down complex starches & lipids break down fats.	TRUE
The order of the small intestine is:	duodenum, jejunum, & ileum
In order, the principal processes of digestion are:	ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, defecation
The large intestine is NOT responsible for:	mechanical digestion
Most of the GI tract consists of:	involuntary smooth muscle

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