Pip's Immu AP Word Scramble

Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

Normal Size Small Size show me how

Pip's Immu AP

Immune System 913860

Question	Answer
First Line of Defense	We are surrounded by a sea of germs. Keeping them out is critical. The nonspecific barriers are: Skin, Stomach Acid, Mucous membranes producing Lysozyme, and Cilia in respiratory system
Second Line of Defense	Nonspecific defense Inflammatory response: Histamine, Phagocytes, Prostaglandins, Chemokines, Pyrogens, Complement, Interferons, and Natural Killer
Histamine	Trigger vasodilations which increases blood supply to an area, bringing phagocytes
Phagocytes	Ingest invading microbes
Prostaglandins	Further enhance blood flow to area
Chemokines	Secreted by blood vessel endothelium and monocytes, attract more phagocytes to the area
Pyrogens	Increase body temperature to speed up the immune system
Complement	is a group of proteins that helps to destroy microbes by rupturing their membranes
Interferons	Chemicals that block viral infections
Natural Killer (NK)	Cells destroy virus-infected body cells
Third Line of Defense	Specific immune response maintained by lymphocytes. B and T lymphocytes; both originate in bone marrow
Cytotoxic T Cells (CD8 Cells) (Tc Cells)	Kill body cells infected with pathogens by releasing perforin, which ruptures microbial membranes Stimulated by antigens and by helper T cells Proliferate into plasma cells and memory cells Stimulated by infected body cells Mature in thymus
Helper T Cells (Th Cells)	Set off an alarm to immune system that microbes have broken through the body's lines of defense Binds to class II MHC molecules Releases interleukin-2, which stimulates Tc Cells, B cells, and other Th cells Also called CD4 Cells
B Lymphocytes	Humoral response - produce antibodies Activated by T cells or by free antigens floating in blood Secrete 200 antibodies/second over the cell's 4-5 day lifespan Proliferate into plasma and memory cells Part of specific immune response
Macrophages	Develop from monocytes Migrate through blood; reside in tissues Kill and digest large numbers of germs using their lysosomes Display MHC II molecules on their surface Act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) Release Interleukin-1 to stimulate helper T
Interleukin-1 (Il-1)	Cytokine secreted by a macrophage after it phagocytizes and presents antigens on its surface Activates helper T cells to produce interleukin-2 (Il-2)
Interleukin-2 (Il-2)	Cytokine that stimulates B cells to become active antibody-secreting plasma cells Release by activated helper T cell
MHC I	MHC I molecules are found on almost every body cell Bind to cytotoxic T cells
MHC II	MHC II molecules are found on macrophages, B cells, and activated T cells Bind to helper T cells
Positive Feedback	Amplifies an already existing process in immune system until an endpoint or maximum rate is reached Ex: helper T cells become activated by class II MHC molecules and Il-1 to release Il-2 which further increases activity of helper T cells
Plasma Cells	Fight current infections
Memory Cells	Circulate in the body permanently, imparting specific lifelong immunity against a particular virus, such as polio or measles
Clonal Selection	Fundamental mechanism in the development of immunity Special B and T lymphocytes are selected by binding to specific pathogenic molecules Once selected, B and T lymphocytes become metabolically active and make millions of copies of themselves
Antibodies	Y-shaped globular protein molecule consists of four chains; 2 heavy and 2 light chains with constant and variable regions Also called Immunoglobins (Ig)
Immunoglobin G (IgG)	most abundant circulating antibodies
Immunoglobin A (IgA)	Abundant in mucous membranes, tears, saliva, colostrum
Immunoglobin E (IgE)	facilitates release of histamine in allergic responses
Passive Immunity	Temporary Antibodies are transferred from another animal Ex: A mother some of her antibodies to her nursing child
Active Immunity	Permanent Individual makes own antibodies The result of being sick and recovering or from receiving a vaccination
AIDS	Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Caused by HIV, a retrovirus Attacks cells that bear CD4 (helper T cells) molecules on their surface
Blood ABO Antigens and Antibodies	Blood type: A, A antigen, B Antibody Blood type: B, B antigen, A antibody Blood type: AB, A and B antigen, No antibody Blood type: O, No antigens, A and B antibodies
Autoimmune Disease	A mistake in the immune system where the body does not properly distinguish self from nonself The immune system attacks its own body tissue Ex: Multiple sclerosis, lupus, arthritis, juvenile diabetes
Monoclonal Antibodies	Antibodies produced by a single B lymphocyte that has been selected and that produces a single type of antigen Important as a research tool and in diagnosing and treating certain diseases
Allergies	Hypersensitive immune responses to certain substances called allergens that cause the release of histamine
Anaphylactic Shock	Acute, extreme allergic reaction Life threatening Results from sudden dilation of blood vessels, which results in precipitous drop in blood pressure
Overview of Immune System	The immune system is characterized by: Specificity, Diversity, Memory, and Capacity to distinguish self from nonself

Created by: tracypippins on 2012-04-18