Week 2 Word Scramble

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Week 2

09/18/07

Questions	Answers
Q: What is the general structure of an amino acid?	A: An amino group, an alpha-carbon, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen, and an R group.
Q: What determines the properties of an amino acid?	A: The side group AKA R group.
Q: On an amino acid, what is the charge of the carboxyl group at physiologic pH?	A: Negative.
Q: On an amino acid, what is the charge of the amino group at physiologic pH?	A: Positive.
Q: At physiological pH the _______ group will be unprotonated and the _______ group will be protonated.	A: The carboxyl group will be unprotonated and the amino group will be protonated.
Q: Define zwitterion.	A: A compound with a negative charge and a positive charge on the same molecule.
Q: Define amphoteric.	A: A molecule that can act as an acid or a base.
Q: The net charge of an amino acid, peptide or protein, will depend upon what?	A: The pH of the surrounding aqueous environment.
Q: The negtive log of Ka is known as what?	A: The pKa.
Q: True or false? Ka is the association constant.	A: True!
Q: What is the isoelectric point (pI)?	A: The isoelectric point (pI) is the pH at which a molecule carries no net electrical charge.
Q: A tetrahedral carbon atom with 4 distinct constituents is said to be _______.	A: Chiral.
Q: There is one amino acid that is not chiral, which one?	A: Glycine.
Q: All of the amino acids in proteins exhibit the same absolute steric configuration as _______.	A: L-glyceraldehyde.
Q: Proteins are chains of amino acids linked together by what type of bonds?	A: Peptide bonds.
Q: A peptide bond is a covalent bond between the _______ group and _______ group of an adjacent amino acid.	A: Between a carboxyl group and amino group.
Q: Name the branched chain amino acids.	A: Isoleucine, Valine, and Leucine.
Q: What is the most rigid amino acid?	A: Proline.
Q: What is the most flexible amino acid?	A: Glycine.
Q: What is the "first" amino acid found in a protein.	A: Methionine.
Q: Which amino acids contain ring structures?	A: Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, and Tyrosine.
Q: Which amino acid(s) are not optically active?	A: Glycine. It's side group is hydrogen.
Q: Are any amino acids neither non-polar nor polar?	A: Yes! Glycine.
Q: Which amino acids contain sulfur?	A: Methionine and Cysteine.
Q: Which amino acid(s) can form a disulfide bond?	A: A disulfide bond can be formed between two cysteine molecules.
Q: Name the polar uncharged amino acids.	A: Serine, Threonine, Cysteine, Asparagine, and Glutamine.
Q: Name the polar amino acids with a negative charge. Are these amino acids considered basic or acidic?	A: Aspartate and Glutamate. These are both considered acidic amino acids present in basic form.
Q: Name the polar amino acids with a positive charge. Are these amino acids considered basic or acidic?	A: Arginine, Lysine, and Histidine. These are considered basic amino acids present in acidic form.
Q: There is one amino acid that is non-polar but has an -OH group capable of forming a hydrogen bond. Which amino acid is it?	A: Tyrosine. Its ring structure makes it non-polar but its -OH allows the hydrogen bond.
Q: Phenylalanine contains a benzine ring, what type of ring does tryptophan have?	A: An indole ring.
Q: What is glycosylation?	A: Glycosylation is the addition of sugar molecules to certain amino acids in the protein.
Q: What is required for glycosylation to take place?	A: You must have a -OH group.
Q: Does lipid addition increase or decrease solubility?	A: Decrease! It increases affinity for membranes.
Q: What is phosphorylation?	A: The addition of a phosphate group.
Q: What do kinases do?	A: They add phosphate.
Q: What do phosphatases do?	A: They remove phosphate.
Q: True or false? You must have a hydroxyl group for phosphorylation to take place.	A: True!
Q: Which amino acids can be phosphorylated?	A: Threonine, Serine, and Tyrosine.
Q: True or false? Phosphorylation is reversible.	A: True!
Q: In our notes it mentions a "21st" amino acid. Name it.	A: Selenocysteine.
Q: This amino acid "puts kinks in things".	A: Proline.
Q: She skipped most of the last two pages this section (pgs 2-9 & 2-10).	A: Make sure you read them just in case. Notice the adult (HbA) and fetal (HbF) hemoglobin isoforms. HbA contains alpha & beta, HbF contains alpha & gamma.

Created by: PCC Biochemistry I on 2007-09-17