| Question |
Answer |
| Abnormal types of white blood cells | Infectious mononucleosis - caused by epstein-barr virus, leukemias - WBC cancers |
| Leukocytes are? | White blood cells (WBCs) |
| What is diapedesis? | When white blood cells slip out of capillary beds to go where needed. |
| Leukocytes move through tissue space by __. | amoeboid motion |
| Leukocytes follow chemical trail to their destination - this is called __. | postitive chemotaxis |
| What is leukocytosis? | WBC count over 11,000/ml - normal homeostatic response to an infection in body |
| 2 major categories of leukocytes. | Granulocytes (have membrane-bound granules) & agranulocytes (lack them). |
| Pneumonic phrase to remember leukocytes from most abundant to least. | Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas (Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, & basophils). |
| Granulocytes include __ & are __ in shape. | Neutrophils, basophils,& eosinophils (Never Eat Bananas) - Spherical |
| Functionally all granulocytes are __. | Phagocytes |
| Neutorphils contain antimicrobial proteins called __. | defensin |
| Neutrophils are called PMNs or polys because? | They are polymorphonuclear leukocytes because their nuclei have 3-6 lobes. |
| What is a respiratory burst? | When oxygen is used by phagocytes to produce oxidizing substances to kill germs - hydrogen peroxide - defensin - mediated lysis occurs. |
| Neutrophils | 2/3 of WBCs - follow chemical trails - fine granules - take up blue & red dyes. |
| Eosinophils | Attach paracites & take part in alergic responses - 2 lobes, stain red, great against worms. |
| agranulocytes | lymphocytes & monocytes (Let Monkeys). |
| Monocytes | immature pagocytes - pale blue cytoplasm & dk. nucleus - become marcrophages - activate lymphocytes to mount immune response. |
| B & T cells / lymphocytes | Operate in immune respoinses - 2nd most common WBC - lg. dk. nucleus w/sm. rim of blue & emeshed in lymphoid tissue. |
| Basophils | Rarest WBC - release histamine - contain heparin (anticoagulant) - U or S shaped nucleus |
| T lymphocytes (T cells) | Function in immune response by acting directly against virus - infected & tumor cells. |
| B lymphocytes ( B cells) | Give rise to plasma cells which produce antibodies (immunoglobins). |
| What is leukopoiesis? | Production of WBCs - stimulated by chemical messengers. |
| 2 glycoprotein familes of hematopoietic factors | interleukins & coly - stimulating factors (CFSs). |
| Monocytes may live for __. | several months |
| Lymphocytes may live from __. | a few days to decades |
| Overproduction of abnormal leukocytes occurs in __ & __. | leukemia & infectious mononucleosis |
| An abnormally low WBC count is called __ is commonly induced by __. | leukopenia - glucocorticoids & anticancer agents |
| The leukemias are named according to __. | The abnormal cell type primarily involved. |
| Leukemia is acute when __ & chronic __. | it derrives from blast-type cells - when it proliferates from later stages. |
| Acuteleukemia is seen most in __ & chronic in __. | children - elderly |
| Without therapy, all leukemias are __. | fatal |
| In leukemia, bone marrow becomes __. | totallyoccupied by cancerous leukocytes & immature WBCs flood into blood, causing anemia & bleeding |
| The most common causes of death for leukemia are __. | internal hemorrhage & overwhelming infections |
| Most CFSs are named for? | The leukocyte population they stimulate, ie granulocyte -CSF (G-CSF). |
| Whatis the granulocyte line of leukopoiesis? | Hemocytoblast -> myeloid stem cell -> myeoblasts -> promyelocyte -> myelocyte -> band cell -> granular leukocyte |
| The nuclei arc of granular leukocytes forms when? | in the band cell stage |
| When myeloblasts accumulate lysosomes, they become __. | promyelocytes |
| The agranulocyte __ diverge from a myeloblast that can become either a neutrophil or a __. | monocytes - monocyte |
| Only __ arise via the lymphoid stem cell line. | lymphocytes |
| Treatments for leukemia are? | Irradiation & drugs that destroy rapidly dividing cells - bone marrow or unbilical cord blood transplants. |
| Infectious mononucleosis is caused by __ virus. | Epstein-Barr |
| Hallmoark of infectious mononucleosis is? | Excess number of agranuloctyes. |
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