BIO201-FINALREVIEW-2 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Fatigued muscle cells that recover rapidly are the products of: | intense exercise of short duration |
The main effect of the warm-up period of athletes, as the muscle contractions increase in strength, is to: | enhance the availability of calcium and the efficiency of enzyme systems |
Athletes sometimes complain of oxygen debt, a condition that results when insufficient oxygen is available to completely break down pyruvic acid. As a result, the pyruvic acid is converted to: | lactic acid |
Muscle tone is: | a state of sustained partial contraction |
The warm-up period required of athletes in order to bring their muscles to peak performance is called: | treppe |
With muscular dystrophy: | muscle fibers degenerate and atrophy |
Which of the following athletic endeavors best represents the use of red fibers? | a long, relaxing swim |
Which of the following is not a usual result of exercise? | increase in the number of muscle cells |
Muscle tissue has all of the following properties except: | transmissibility |
Rigor mortis occurs because: | ATP is required to release the attached actin and myosin molecules |
Smooth muscles that act like skeletal muscles but are controlled by autonomic nerves and hormones are: | multiunit muscles |
Of the following muscle types, which has only one nucleus, no sarcomeres, and no gap junctions? | multiunit smooth muscle |
Smooth muscle is significantly different from striated muscle in __. | smooth muscle shortens and stretches to a greater extent than does striated muscle |
Most muscles contain? | A mixture of fiber types. |
The site of calcium regulation in the smooth muscle cell is? | Calmodulin. |
T/F - The arrangement of a muscle's fascicles determines its range of motion and power. | False |
T/F - The anconeus muscle flexes the knee and stabilizes the patella. | This is false. The anconeus muscle abducts the ulna during forearm pronation and is a synergist of triceps brachii in elbow extension. |
T/F - Electromyography is the recording and interpretation of graphic records of the electrical activity of contracting muscles. | True |
T/F - The four muscle pairs forming the abdominal wall perform the functions of support and compression of the abdominal contents. | This is false. The transversus abdominis functions mainly in compression of the abdominal contents. |
T/F - The soleus is a synergist of the gastrocnemius used in plantar flexion. | True |
T/F - Plantar flexion at the ankle joint is accomplished by the tibialis anterior muscle. | This is false. The tibialis posterior muscle works towards plantar flexion. |
T/F - A pair of tweezers is a good example of a second-class lever. | This is false. A pair of tweezers is an example of a third-class lever. |
T/F - Muscles that help to maintain posture are often called synergists. | This is false. Muscles that maintain posture are called fixators. |
Muscles connecting to the hyoid bone are instrumental in speech. | his is false. These bones are instrumental in swallowing. |
T/F - The broadest muscle of the back is the latissimus dorsi. | True |
T/F - In order to propel food down to the esophagus, the pharyngeal constrictor muscles would be used. | True |
T/F - The insertion of the biceps brachii is on the radius. | True |
T/F - The calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) is the largest, strongest tendon in the body. | True |
T/F - Severing of the patellar tendon would inactivate the hamstring group. | This is false. This would inactivate the quadriceps group. |
T/F - Movements of the thigh are accomplished by muscles anchored to the pelvic girdle. | True |
T/F - Muscle spasm of the back would often include the erector spinae. | True |
T/F - Both first- and second-class levers operate at a mechanical disadvantage. | This is false. Second-class levers do not operate at a mechanical disadvantage. |
T/F - A prime mover of the arm that acts in adduction would be the deltoid. | This is false. The deltoid is the prime mover of arm abduction. |
T/F - The chewing muscle covering the ramus of the mandible is the buccinator. | This is false. This is the masseter muscle. |
T/F Although all skeletal muscles have different shapes, the fascicle arrangement of each muscle is exactly the same. | This is false. Fascicles can display a circular, convergent, parallel, or pennate pattern. |
T/F - Muscle power does not depend on the direction of the fascicles. | True |
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis | Extends and abducts the wrist. |
Extensor pollicis longus and brevis | Extends the thumb. |
Flexor carpi ulnaris | Flexes the wrist. |
Flexor carpi ulnaris | Powerful wrist flexors that also stabilize the wrist during finger extension. |
Flexor digitorum profundus | Slow-acting finger flexor. |
The _____ helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing. | buccinator |
The pectoralis major has a _____ arrangement of fascicles. | convergent |
_____ extends the great toe. | extensor hallucis longus |
_____ is the abnormal protrusion of the small intestine through a week point in the muscle of the abdominal wall. | hernia |
The _____ runs deep to the external oblique. | internal oblique |
_____ is the main chewing muscle. | masseter |
______ draws the corner of the mouth downward as in expressing horror. | platysma |
The quadriceps femoris is composed of three vastus muscles and the _____. | rectus femoris |
The ______ is known a the boxer muscle. | serratus anterior |
____ is a synergist of the latissimus dorsi; it extends, medially rotates, and adducts the humerus. | teres major |
______ fibers run at right angles to the axis of the muscle. | ______ fibers run at right angles to the axis of the muscle. |
________ is a powerful forearm extensor. | triceps brachii |
Which class lever for the Humerus Ulna Joint? | 3rd Class |
Which class lever for the Tibia Calcaneus Lever? | 2nd Class |
Which class lever for the Humerus metacarpal lever? | 1st Class |
With regard to muscle fiber arrangement in a pennate muscle __. | The fascicles are short & attach to a central tendon that runs the length of a muscle. |
The extensor digitorum longus has which type of fascicle arrangement? | Unipennate |
Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh? | Iliopsoas & rectus femoris |
Which of the following muscles does not act in plantar flexion? | Popliteus |
Most flexor muscles are located on the __ aspect of the body | anterior |
Most extensors are located __. | Posteriorly |
An exception to the generalized location of the extensor-flexor rule is the __. | Knee |
The extrinsic muscles of the hand originate on the __,__, & __. | Humerus, radius, and ulna. |
The bulk of the tissue of a muscle tends to lie __ to the part of the body it causes to move. | Proximal |
The triceps surae insert in common into the __ tendon. | Calcaneal |
The insertion tendon of the __ group contains a large sesamoid bone, the patella. | Quadriceps femoris |
Intramuscular injection sites. | Deltoid, gluteus maximus, & gluteus medius. |
Flexes the great toe & inverts the ankle | Flexor hallucis longus |
Lateral compartment muscles that plantar flex and evert the ankle | Fibularis brevis & longus |
Move the thigh laterally to take the "at ease" stance | Gluteus medius & tensor fascae latae |
Used to extend the hip when climbing stairs | Gluteus maximus |
Prime movers of ankle plantar flexion | gastrocnemius & soleus |
Major foot inverter | tibialis posterior |
Prime mover of ankle dorsiflexion | tibialis anterior |
Allow you to draw your legs to the midline of your body, as when standing at attention. | Adductor group |
Places the palm upward | Biceps brachii & supinator |
Flexes teh forearm & supinates the hand | biceps brachii |
Forearm flexors; no role in supination | Brachialis & brachioradialis |
Elbow extensor | triceps brachii |
Power wrist flexor and abductor | flexor carpi radialis |
flexes wrist a& middle phalanges | flexor digitorum superficialis |
Pronate the hand | pronator quadratus & teres |
Flexes the thumb | Flexor pollicis longus |
Extends and abducts the wrist | Extensor carpi radialis longus |
A major spine flexor | rectus abdominis |
Prime mover for pulling the arm posteriorly | latissimus dorsi |
Prime mover for shoulder flexion | Pectoralis major |
Assume major responsibility for forming the abdominal girdle | External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis |
Pulls shoulder backward & downward | latissimus dorsi |
Important in shoulder adduction; antagonists of shoulder abductior | latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major |
Moves scapula forward & downward | Serratus anterior |
Small, inspiratory muscles between the ribs; elevate the ribs | External intercostals |
Extends the head | Trapezius |
Pull the scapulae medially | rhomboids |
Used in smiling | Zygomaticus major & minor |
Used to pout | Depressor labii inferioris |
Raises eyebrows | Frontalis |
Your kisser | obicularis oris |
Prime mover to raise the lower jawbone | Masseter |
Agonist | Prime mover |
Reverses and/or opposes the action of a prime mover | antagonist |
postural muscles, for the most part | Fixator |
Stabilizes a joint so that the prime mover may act at more distal joints. | fixator |
Performs the same movement as the agonist | Synergist |
Immobilizes teh origin of a prime mover | Fixator |
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Ladystorm
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