HCT Med-Surg Acid/Ba Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Normal pH blood | 7.35 - 7.45 |
Intracellular fluid | K (potassium) 65% |
Extracellular fluid | 35% (9% intravascular, 26% interstitial) |
Normal Na range | 135 - 145 mEq/L |
Hyponatremia | <135 mEq/L |
Hypernatremia | >145 mEq/L |
Normal K (potassium) | 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L |
Hypokalemia | <3.5 mEq/L |
Hyperkalemia | >5.0 mEq/L |
Normal serum Ca (calcium) | 4.5 - 5.6 mEq/L |
Normal total Ca (calcium) | 9.0 - 10.5 mg/dL |
Ca is split between serum and total? | 50/50 |
50% of Ca is bound to | protein |
Hypocalcemia | <9.0 mg/dL (total) <4.5 (serum) mEq/L |
Hypercalcemia | >10.5 mg/dL (total) >5.6 mEq/L (serum) |
Ca requires | Vitamin D for absorption |
Ca plays a role in | blood clotting, muscle function, nerve impulse tran & cell membrane permeability |
Na regulates | fluid balance through osmotic pressure |
K is major electrolyte in | intracellular fluid |
Na is major electrolyte in | extracellular fluid |
Na stimulates | conduction of nerve impulses & helps maintain neuromuscular activity |
Mg+ (magnesium) normal range | 1.5 - 2.5 mEq/L |
Hypomagnesemia | <1.5 mEq/L (most commonly chronic alcoholism) |
Hypermagnesemia | >2.5 mEq/L (uncontrolled diabetes, ketoacidosis), antacids |
PO4 (phosphate) normal range | 1.7 - 2.6 mEq/L |
Hypophosphatemia | <1.7 mEq/L (most commonly respitory alkalosis, intense prolonged hyperventilation) |
Hyperphosphatemia | >2.6 mEq/L (most commonly renal failure) |
Cl (chloride) normal range | 95 - 106 mEq/L |
Hypochloremia | <95 mEq/L (most commonly vomiting, gastric suction, gastric surg) |
Hyperchloremia | >106 mEq/L (dehydration) |
Buffer | attempt to maintain normal pH range. |
Osmosis | diffusion of water higher to lower concentration |
Filtration | dissolved substances forced through cell membranes by hydrostatic pressure |
Diffusion | molecules, gases, liquids or solids from higher to lower concentration |
Hypotonic solution | cells swell |
hypertonic solution | cells shrink |
Isotonic solution | cells do not change |
Skin fluid loss | insensible 300 - 400 mL/day same as lungs |
Total fluid loss/day | 2,500 mL/day |
Lung fluid loss | insensible 300 - 400 mL/day same as skin |
GI tract | 200 mL/day in feces |
Kidney fluid loss | 1,200 - 1,500 mL/day |
Kidney's play a major role | in maintaining fluid balance |
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) | posterior pituitary gland reabsorb water |
Aldosterone | adrenal cortex reabsorption of Na |
PCO2 or PaCO2 | carbon dioxide (partial pressure of) |
HCO3 | bicarbonate |
PCO2 normal range | 35 - 45 mmHg at sea level |
Respitory acidosis | decreased blood pH, increased CO2 |
Respitory alkalosis | increased blood pH, decreased CO2 |
Metabolic acidosis | decreased blood pH, HCO3 & CO2 |
Metabolic alkalosis | increased blood pH, HCO3 & CO2 |
Most common indicator of fluid volume deficiency | thirst |
Normal HCO3 (bicarbonate) | 24-28 mEq/L |
Normal BUN (blood urea nitrogen | 5-25 mg/dL |
Normal Creatinine | 0.5 - 1.5 mg/dL |
Normal Protein | 6.0 - 8.0 g/dL |
Normal albumin | 3.5 - 5 g/dL |
Blood < 7.35 | acidosis |
Blood > 7.45 | alkalosis |
PCO2 > 45 | respiratory acidosis |
PCO2 < 35 | respiratory alkalosis |
HCO3 > 26 | metabolic alkalosis |
HCO3 < 22 | metabolic acidosis |
COPD | Resp. acidosis |
sedative or barb. OD | Resp. acidosis |
pneumonia | Resp. acidosis |
Atalectasis | Resp. acidosis |
Resp. acidosis | incr. resp, hypotension, weak & thready pulse, tachycardia, warm/flushed skin, h/a, decreased LOC, drowsiness |
Hyperventilation | Resp. alkalosis |
Hypoxia | Resp. alkalosis |
Fear, fever, pain | Resp. alkalosis |
exercise, anxiety over vent | Resp. alkalosis |
Diabetic Ketoacidosis | Metabolic acidosis |
Lactic acidosis | Metabolic acidosis |
Starvation | Metabolic acidosis |
Severe diarrhea | Metabolic acidosis |
Shock | Metabolic acidosis |
Severe vomiting | Metabolic alkalosis |
Excessive NG suctioning | Metabolic alkalosis |
Diuretic therapy | Metabolic alkalosis |
Metabolic alkalosis | increased heart rate, hypotension, atrial tachcardia, dizziness, respiratory failure, irrability, confusion, tetany, muscle cramps, seizures |
Metabolic acidosis | Hypotension, cold clammy skin, dysrhythmias, kussmaul's , drowsiness, h/a, confusion, N&V |
Resp. alkalosis | increased heart rate, syspnea, chest tightness, tetany, seizures, anxiety, panic |
Created by:
seang
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