Aquatic Eco Final P Word Scramble

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Aquatic Eco Final P

Practice for Aquatic Ecosystems Exam at Fleming College

Question	Answer
Downstream movement of biota/organic matter in a stream	Drift
Horizontal structure Vertical structure Benthic/pelagic	Structure of marine ecosystem
Littoral zone Neritic zone Oceanic zone	Horizontal structure
Epipelagic zone Mesopelagic zone Bathypelagic zone Abyssal zone Hadal zone	Vertical structure
Epipelagic zone depth	From surface to 200 meters
Mesopelagic zone depth	200 - 1000 meteres
Bathypelagic zone depth	1000 - 4000 meters
Abyssal zone depth	4000 - 6000 meters
Hadal zone depth	6000 meters to bottom
80 % of solar energy that reaches the surface of the ocean is absorbed in the first 10 meters Ocean appears blue in color due to absorbtion of red, yellow and green Most of the ocean is absent of light aka black save for bio luninescent organisms	Physical characteristics of the ocean
thermal stratification a permanent feature of tropical oceans Temperature oceans only stratify in summer and oceans at high latitudes have weakly developed thermoclines Surface temperature of ocean water vary somewhat with latitude and below 100 m depth	Physical characteristics - temperature
Ssurface and depth ocean currents - moderate climate - provide nutrients to surface water - stimulate photosynthesis promote genetic flow among populations	Physical water movements
Sinking of cold high density water at poles that move along ocean floor and moves to the surface via upwelling coastlines, sea mountains, rough waters	Deep water ocean currents
Salinity - amount of salt dissolved in water Open ocean - 34 - 36.5 kilograms of water Fringing seas - 7 - 40 ppt Relative proportions of major ions fairly constant across the ocean Varies with latitude	Chemical characteristics of the ocean salinity
Present in far lower concentrations than air Highest concentrations in surface water reaching an oxygen minimum at 1000 meters or less, then increasing again with depth	Chemical characteristics of the ocean - oxygen
Compressed biological and environmental gradients - variable area for ecological research Intertitle zone - area covered by waves at high tide and exposed to air at low tide Vertical zones - supratidal fringe ada splash zone	Marine shorelines - intertidal zones
Fringing reef - hug a shore line of a continent or island Barrier reef - some distance offshore stand between the open sea and a lagoon Coral atolls - coral islets built up from submerged oceanic islands, ring a lagoon	Coral reefs
Structure similar to a terrestrial forest (canopy, subcanopy and understory layers) Stems of giant kelp may extend from holdfasts on ocean floor to 25 m to the surface waters Kelp fronds house many epiphytic organisms	Kelp forests
Tides cause variability in exposure to light as well as increased turbidity Temperature is highly variable in these systems Vigourous mixing via tidal currents or river flow transport organisms, renew nutrients and oxygen and remove waste	Physical conditions of a salt marsh
wide fluxuations in salinity in estuaries, salt marshes and mangrove forests Stratification and establishment of salt wedge in estuaries Changes in density isolate surface and bottom waters	Chemical conditions, salt wedge estuaries
Oxygen concentrations are highly variable and may reach extreme low or extreme high levels Rich biological production and decomposition of OM can reduce oxygen levels and high rates of PS can increase oxygen levels	Chemical conditions - oxygen
a substance that is foreign to a natural system or present in unnaturally high concentration.	Contaminant
a substance that elicits an (adverse effect)	pollutant
Can be broken down by chemical reactions or natural processess into simple, non pollutant substances	Non-resistant contaminants
Remain in the aquatic environment for years Damage cause is irreversible or repairable only over decades or centuries	persistent contaminants
Esthetic appeal of water, can also negatively impact wild life	Physical pollution
The quantitative and qualitative study of the adverse or toxic effects of chemicals or other anthropogenic materials on ecosystems	Ecotoxicology

Created by: Karubin on 2011-12-04