| Artifact: |
Group(s) |
Correct by: |
| Axial resolution | Propagation | ↑ frequency |
| Lateral resolution | Propagation | ↑ frequency |
| Section thickness | Propagation | ↓ gain and/or TGC OR ↑ z axis (3rd dimension) focus |
| Acoustic Speckle | Propagation | ↓ gain or ↓ frequency |
| Reverberation | Propagation | multiple matching layers |
| Refraction | Propagation | change angulation of transducer |
| Multipath | Propagation | change angulation of transducer |
| Mirror image | Propagation / Doppler | change angulation of transducer |
| Side lobe | Propagation | inherent within the transducer ↓ gain |
| Grating lobe | Propagation | inherent within the transducer ↓ gain |
| Comet tail | Propagation | inherent within the tissue |
| Ring-down | Propagation | inherent within the tissue |
| Speed error | Propagation | inherent within the tissue |
| Range ambiguity | Propagation / Doppler | PROPAGATION: ↓ PRF (↑PRP) by ↑ imaging depth
DOPPLER: Need to ↑ PRF to decrease aliasing, but this can cause range ambiguity artifact |
| Main bang | Propagation | • Multiple matching layers
• Electronic focusing
• ↑ Frequency
• ↓ Near gain
• Stand-off pad
|
| Shadowing | Attenuation / Doppler | inherent within the tissue |
| Enhancement | Attenuation | inherent within the tissue |
| Refraction (edge) shadowing | Attenuation | inherent within the tissue
• Change angulation of transducer so it is perpendicular to anatomy
|
| Focal enhancement | Attenuation | inherent within the transducer
• ↓ gain in mid field (or wherever the focal zone is – use TGC to adjust)
|
| Aliasing | Doppler | • Adjust baseline
• Adjust scale
• ↑ PRF
• ↑ Doppler angle (only if bad to begin with – must remain between 45° and 60°)
• ↓ transducer frequency
• ↓ sample volume depth
• Use CW Doppler
|
| Speckle (noise) | Doppler | ↓ gain |
| Doppler angle effects | Doppler | use “angle correct” control or change Doppler angle |
| Clutter | Doppler | ↑ wall filter |
