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PHYS3 Artifacts Word Scramble

 
 

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Artifact: Group(s) Correct by:
Axial resolutionPropagation↑ frequency
Lateral resolutionPropagation↑ frequency
Section thicknessPropagation↓ gain and/or TGC OR ↑ z axis (3rd dimension) focus
Acoustic SpecklePropagation↓ gain or ↓ frequency
ReverberationPropagationmultiple matching layers
RefractionPropagationchange angulation of transducer
MultipathPropagationchange angulation of transducer
Mirror imagePropagation / Dopplerchange angulation of transducer
Side lobePropagationinherent within the transducer ↓ gain
Grating lobePropagationinherent within the transducer ↓ gain
Comet tailPropagationinherent within the tissue
Ring-downPropagationinherent within the tissue
Speed errorPropagationinherent within the tissue
Range ambiguityPropagation / DopplerPROPAGATION: ↓ PRF (↑PRP) by ↑ imaging depth DOPPLER: Need to ↑ PRF to decrease aliasing, but this can cause range ambiguity artifact
Main bangPropagation• Multiple matching layers • Electronic focusing • ↑ Frequency • ↓ Near gain • Stand-off pad
ShadowingAttenuation / Dopplerinherent within the tissue
EnhancementAttenuationinherent within the tissue
Refraction (edge) shadowingAttenuationinherent within the tissue • Change angulation of transducer so it is perpendicular to anatomy
Focal enhancementAttenuationinherent within the transducer • ↓ gain in mid field (or wherever the focal zone is – use TGC to adjust)
AliasingDoppler• Adjust baseline • Adjust scale • ↑ PRF • ↑ Doppler angle (only if bad to begin with – must remain between 45° and 60°) • ↓ transducer frequency • ↓ sample volume depth • Use CW Doppler
Speckle (noise)Doppler↓ gain
Doppler angle effectsDoppleruse “angle correct” control or change Doppler angle
ClutterDoppler↑ wall filter