| Question |
Answer |
| What is the role of the bronchial vessels of the lungs? | to bring oxygenated blood to maintain the lung tissue |
| From what structure does the left bronchial arteries arise? | the descending thoracic aorta |
| What two arteries could give rise to the right bronchial arteries? | internal thoracic or left bronchial artery |
| The bronchial veins do not receive all the blood brought to the heart by the bronchial arteries. Where does this extra blood go? | drained into the pulmonary veins |
| What veins do the bronchial arteries usually drain into? (rt and lt) Remember much variation in this area. | azygos on the right and hemi- or accesory azygos on the right |
| The superficial lymphatic plexus terminate usually terminates in what lymph nodes? | the bronchopulmonary nodes |
| The deep lymphatic plexus usually takes what course of lymph drainage? | pulmonary, bronchopulmonary, tracheobronchial, paratracheal, bronchomediastinal trunks (lt and rt), thoracic duct and rt lymphatic duct, jugulosubclavian junction |
| The pulmonary plexus, consisting of both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers, if formed by what two nervous system structures? | upper thoracic sympathetic trunk and vagus nerve |
| What effect do sympathetic nerve impulses have upon the lung and associated structures? | bronchodilation, vasoconstriction, and decreased glandular secretion |
| What effect to parasympathetic impulses have on the lungs and associated structures? | bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and increase glandular secretions |
| The pulmonary plexus contains what type of nerve fibers that originate in the bronchial mucosa and alveoli? | afferent fibers |
| This layer of plerua covers the outer surface of the lungs and extends into the depths of interlobar fissures? | visceral |
| Visceral and pariertal pleura are ______________________ with each other by a cuff of pleura that surrounds the root of lung. | continuous |
| The parietal and visceral pleura are seperated by a slit-like space known as what? What tye of space is this? | pleural cavity, potential space |
| This occurs where the costal pleura becomes continuous with the diaphragmatic pleura inferiorly? | costal line of reflection |
| This is the lowest part of the pleural cavity, below the inferiorly border of the lung, into which the lung expands on deep inspiration? | costodiaphragmatic recess |
| This is loacted close to anterior border of lung, between costal and mediastinal pleurae, the lung slides here during deep inspiration? | costomediastinal recess |
| The costal pleura is supplied by what nerve(s)? | intercostal nerves |
| The mediastinal pleura is supplied by what nerve(s)? | phrenic nerve |
| The diaphragmatic pleura is supplied by what nerve(s)? | intercostal nerves peripheral part and phrenic nerve central part |
| Function of the lymphatic system? | lymphatic vessels transport back to the blood any fluids that have escaped from the blood. |
| What is exchanged between the blood and interstital fluid? | Nutrients, Wastes, and |
| Plasma Cells | daughter cells that secrete antibodies into the blood |
| Macrophages | play a crucial role in body protection |
| Dendric Cells | capture antigens and bring them back to lymph nodes |
| Reticular Cells | fibroblast like cells that produce the reticular fiber stroma |
| Palatine Tonsils | located on either side at the posterior end of the oral cavity |
| Lingual Tonsils | lumpy collection of lympoid follicles at the base of the tongue |
| Pharyngeal Tonsil | posterior wall of the nasopharynx |
| Tubal tonsils | surrond the openings of the auditory tubes into the pharynx |
| Peyers Patches | large isolated clusters of lymphoid follicles that are located in the wall of the distal portionof the small intestine |
| MALT | protects passages that are open to the exterior from the never ending onslaughts of foreign matter entering them. |
| Sentinel Node | first node that recieves drainage from a body area suspected of being cancerous. |
| Antigens | substances that can mobilize the immune system and provoke an immune response |
| Ig D | always attached to the external surface of a bcell |
| Bodys first line of defense | Mucous Membrane and Skin |
| Keratin | fibrous protein found in the epidermis, hair, and nails that makes those structures hard and water repelant |
| NK Cells | police blood and lymph, lyse and kill cancer cells and virus infected body cells |
| Exudate | (blank) |
| Ig M | circulates in blood plasma, agglutinating |
| Pyrogens | secreted by leukocytes and macrophages exposed to foreign substances in the body |
| Ig G | protects against bacteria, viruses, and toxins circulating in blood and lymph |
| Ig A | exits in limited amounts in plasma. found in saliva, sweat, intestinal juice and milk |
| Ig E | secreted by plasma cells in skin |
| Helper T Cells | plays a central role in adaptive immunity |
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