A&P 2 - E1 - P3 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
What is a vital role of the cardiovascular system? | maintaining homeostasis |
The caridovascular's vital role of maintaining homeostasis depends on the continuous and controlled movement of _________________. | blood through capillaries |
Numerous control mechanisms help to regulate and integrate the diverse functions and component parts of the ________________. | cardiovascular system |
What is the function of the cardiovascular system? | to supply blood in response to specific body area needs |
What is a a collection of mechanisms that influence the dynamic circulation of blood? | hemodynamics |
The circulation of different ________________ is essential for healthy survival. | volumes of blood per minute |
What two functions must circulation control mechanisms accomplish? | maintain circulation, vary volume and distribution of the blood circulated |
What are the four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart? | sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, Purkinje fibers |
Conduction system structures are more ________________ than ordinary cardiac muscle tissue. | highly specialized |
Conduction system structures permit only rapid conduction of _____________ through the heart. | an action potential |
What initializes each heart beat and sets it's pace? | sinoatrial node, aka the pacemaker |
What do specialized pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node possess? | an intrinsic rhythm |
After being generated by the SA node, each impulse travels throughout the muscle fibers of _____________ causing them to contract. | both atria |
As the action potential enters the AV node from the right atrium, its conduction ________ to allow complete contraction of both atrial chambers before the impulse reaches the ______________. | slows, ventricles |
After the AV node, conduction velocity _____________ as the impulse is relayed through the AV bundle into the ______________. | increases, ventricles |
Right and left branches of the bundle fibers and Purkinje fibers conduct the impulses throughout the muscles of both _____________, stimulating them to contract ______________. | ventricles, almost simultaneously |
What does ECG or EKG stand for? | electrocardiogram |
What is a graphic record of the heart's electrical activity and it's conduction of impulses? | electrocardiogram |
What is a record of the electrical events that precede the contractions of the heart? | electrocardiogram |
What is attached to a subject to produce an ECG? | electrodes of an electrocardiograph |
An ECG records _______________ that represent changes in the hearts electrical activity. | changes in voltage |
A normal ECG is composed of what parts? | P wave, QRS complex, T wave (and sometimes a U wave) |
What does the P wave represent? | the depolarization of the atria |
What does the QRS complex represent? | the depolarization of the ventricles and the repolarization of atria |
What does the T wave represent? | the repolarization of the ventricles |
What does the U wave represent? | the repolarization of the papillary muscles |
Measurement of the intervals between P, QRS, and T waves can provide information about the _____________ of an ____________ through the heart | rate of conduction, action potential |
The _____________ is a complete heartbeat consisting of what contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of both atria and both ventricles. | cardiac cycle |
What is contraction in the cardiac cycle? | systole |
What is relaxation in the cardiac cycle? | diastole |
The cardiac cycle is often divided into ________________. | time intervals |
During ______________ the contraction of atria completes, emptying blood out of the atria into the ventricles. | atrial systole |
During atrial systole, __________ are open and ____________ are closed. | atrioventricular valves, semilunar valves |
During atrial systole, ___________ are relaxed and filling with blood. | ventricles |
What cycle begins with the P wave of the ECG? | atrial systole |
What occurs between the start of ventricular systole and the opening of the semilunar valves? | isovolumetric ventricular contraction |
During isovolumetric ventricular contraction, ventricular volume ______________ as the pressure increases rapidly. | remains constant |
The onset of ventricular systole coincides with the __________ of the ECG and the appearance of the first _____________. | R wave, heart sound |
During ejection, ____________ open and blood is ejected from the heart when the pressure gradient in the ventricles exceeds that of the _________________. | semilunar valves, pumonary artery and aorta |
What initial short phase is characterized by a marked increase in ventricular and aortic pressure and in aortic blow flow? | rapid ejection |
What phase is characterized by a less abrupt decrease in ventricular volume? | reduced ejection |
The reduced ejection phase coincides with what? | T wave |
Ventricular diastole begins with what phase? | isovolumetric ventricular relaxation |
Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation occurs between _____________ and _____________. | closure of semilunar valve, opening of atrioventricular valves |
During isovolumetric ventricular relaxation there is a _____________ in interventricular pressure and _____________ in volume. | dramatic fall, no change |
The second heart sound is heard during what period? | isovolumetric ventricular relaxation |
During isovolumetric ventricular relaxation, what heart sound is heard? | second |
During passive ventricular filling, returning venous blood increases intra-atrial pressure until the ____________ are forced open and blood rushes into the relaxing ___________. | atrioventricular valves, ventricles |
During passive ventricular filling, influx lasts approximately ___________. | 0.1 second |
During passive ventricular filling, _________ results in a dramatic increase in ventricular volume. | influx |
During passive ventricular filling, diastasis lasts approximately ___________. | 0.2 second |
During passive ventricular filling, ___________ is a later, longer period of slow ventricular filling at the end of ventricular diastole. | diastasis |
During passive ventricular filling, _____________ is characterized by a gradual increase in ventricular pressure and volume. | diastasis |
The systolic sound is the ________ heart sound, believed to be caused primarily by the contraction of the _____________ and by vibrations of the closing ______________. | first, ventricles, atrioventricular valves |
The diastolic sound is a short, sharp sound thought to be caused by vibrations of the closing of the _____________. | semilunar valves |
Heart sounds have clinical significance because they give information about the functioning of the ____________ of the heart. | valves |
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