Pharm Block 4 Word Scramble

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Antibiotic	Drug Class	Mech of Action	Resistance	Adverse Effects	Clinical uses	Pharmacokinetics
Penicillin G	B-Lactam: Penicillins; natural penicillin	Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity	Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug	Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis	Narrow Spectrum; Gram Positive & Treponema	Depot form - Treponema; Distribution - penetrates boness & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - organic cid secretory system of kidney (adjust doses in renal failure)
Penicillin V	B-Lactam: Penicillins; natural penicillin	Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity	Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug	Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis	Narrow spectrum; Gram positive & Treponema	Oral only; Distribution - penetrates bones & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - organic cid secretory system of kidney (adjust doses in renal failure)
Methicillin	B-Lactam: Penicillins; antistaphylococcal penicillin	Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity	Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug	Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis	Very Narrow Spectrum; MSSA, strepts, staph epidermidis	Oral/IV/IM; Distribution - penetrates bones & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - biliary & renal (no adjustment in renal failure)
Nafcillin	B-Lactam: Penicillins; antistaphylococcal penicillin	Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity	Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug	Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis	Very Narrow Spectrum: MSSA; strepts; staph epidermidis	Oral/IV/IM; Distribution - penetrates bones & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - biliary & renal (no adjustment in renal failure)
Ampicillin	B-Lactam: Penicillins; amino penicillin	Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity	Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug	Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis	Broad Spectrum: ENTEROCOCCI, strepts, Gram + rods, LISTERIA, N. MENINGITIDIS, ACTINOMYCES	Oral/IV/IM; Distribution - penetrates bones & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - biliary & renal (no adjustment in renal failure)
Amoxicillin	B-Lactam: Penicillins; amino penicillin	Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity	Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug	Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis	Broad Spectrum: ENTEROCOCCI, strepts, Gram + rods, ACTINOMYCES	Oral/IV/IM; Absorption - almost completely absorbed (not effective for enteritis) Distribution - penetrates bones & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - biliary & renal (no adjust in renal failure)
Carbenicillin	B-Lactam: Penicillins; antipseudomonal penicillin	Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity	Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug	Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis	Very Broad Spectrum: PSEUDOMONAS, strepts, enterococci, clostridium, listeria, neisseria (g & m), enteric gram neg. rods, bacteroides, haemophilus, MSSA (when given with tazobactam or clavulanic acid)	IV/IM; Distribution - penetrates bones & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - biliary & renal (no adjustment in renal failure)
Ticarcillin	B-Lactam: Penicillins; antipseudomonal penicillin	Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity	Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug	Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis	Very Broad Spectrum: PSEUDOMONAS, strepts, enterococci, clostridium, listeria, neisseria (g & m), enteric gram neg. rods, bacteroides, haemophilus, MSSA (when given with tazobactam or clavulanic acid)	IV/IM; Distribution - penetrates bones & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - biliary & renal (no adjustment in renal failure)
Piperacillin	B-Lactam: Penicillins; antipseudomonal penicillin	Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity	Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug	Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis	Very Broad Spectrum: PSEUDOMONAS, strepts, enterococci, clostridium, listeria, neisseria (g & m), enteric gram neg. rods, bacteroides, haemophilus, MSSA (when given with tazobactam or clavulanic acid)	IV/IM; Distribution - penetrates bones & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - biliary & renal (no adjustment in renal failure)
Mezlocillin	B-Lactam: Penicillins; antipseudomonal penicillin	Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity	Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug	Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis	Very Broad Spectrum: PSEUDOMONAS, strepts, enterococci, clostridium, listeria, neisseria (g & m), enteric gram neg. rods, bacteroides, haemophilus, MSSA (when given with tazobactam or clavulanic acid)	IV/IM; Distribution - penetrates bones & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - biliary & renal (no adjustment in renal failure)
Aziocillin	B-Lactam: Penicillins; antipseudomonal penicillin	Bacteriocidal; Inactivate PBPs involved in synthesis of cell wall; Prevent crosslinks in cell wall integrity; block cell wall formation, allowing autolysin activity	Natural: lack of a cell wall; Acquired: plasmid transfer of B-lactamase to bacteria; decreased penetration through outer cell membrane; modification of PBPs, preventing binding of drug	Hypersensitivity; GI Disturbance; Nephritis	Very Broad Spectrum: PSEUDOMONAS, strepts, enterococci, clostridium, listeria, neisseria (g & m), enteric gram neg. rods, bacteroides, haemophilus, MSSA (when given with tazobactam or clavulanic acid)	IV/IM; Distribution - penetrates bones & CSF when inflammed, cross placental barrier (nonteratogenic); Metabolism - little; Excretion - biliary & renal (no adjustment in renal failure)
Imipenen/Cilastatin	B-Lactam: Carbapenems	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)
Aztronam	B-Lactam: Monobactams	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)
Vancomycin	Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)
Bacitracin	Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)
Clavulanic acid	B-Lactamase Inhibitors	Irreversibly binds to B-lactamase enzyme and alters structure preventing binding to antibiotics	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)
Sulbactam	B-Lactamase Inhibitors	Irreversibly binds to B-lactamase enzyme and alters structure preventing binding to antibiotics	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)
Tazobactam	B-Lactamase Inhibitors	Irreversibly binds to B-lactamase enzyme and alters structure preventing binding to antibiotics	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)	(blank)
Cefazolin	B-Lactam: 1st Gen Cephalosporins	Bactericidal; Inactivate PBPs; Prevent crosslinkage formation; Allow autolysins to proceed unopposed	Natural Resistance; Acquired Resistance - plasmid transfer of B-lactamase, decreased penetration of drug, modification PBPs drug doesn't bind	Hypersensitivity; Disulfiram-like effect (cefamandole & cefoperazone) causing acetaldehyde accumulation; Bleeding (cefamandole & cefoperazone), must give Vit K to correct.	NARROW SPECTRUM: Gram+ cocci: STREPT; Gram neg rods: E. coli, Klebsiella, proteus (PEcK)	IV (poor oral absorption); ORAL - cephalexin (1st), cefaclor (2nd), cefuroxime (2nd); DISTRIBUTION - very well into body fluids except CSF; EXCRETION - tubular and/or glomerular filtration - adjust dose in renal failure EXCEPTION: ceftriaxone excreted th
cephalexin	B-Lactam: 1st Gen Cephalosporins	Bactericidal; Inactivate PBPs; Prevent crosslinkage formation; Allow autolysins to proceed unopposed	Natural Resistance; Acquired Resistance - plasmid transfer of B-lactamase, decreased penetration of drug, modification PBPs drug doesn't bind	Hypersensitivity; Disulfiram-like effect (cefamandole & cefoperazone) causing acetaldehyde accumulation; Bleeding (cefamandole & cefoperazone), must give Vit K to correct.	NARROW SPECTRUM: Gram+ cocci: STREPT; Gram neg rods: E. coli, Klebsiella, proteus (PEcK)	IV (poor oral absorption); ORAL - cephalexin (1st), cefaclor (2nd), cefuroxime (2nd); DISTRIBUTION - very well into body fluids except CSF; EXCRETION - tubular and/or glomerular filtration - adjust dose in renal failure EXCEPTION: ceftriaxone excreted th
cefaclor	B-Lactam: 2nd Gen Cephalosporins	Bactericidal; Inactivate PBPs; Prevent crosslinkage formation; Allow autolysins to proceed unopposed	Natural Resistance; Acquired Resistance - plasmid transfer of B-lactamase, decreased penetration of drug, modification PBPs drug doesn't bind	Hypersensitivity; Disulfiram-like effect (cefamandole & cefoperazone) causing acetaldehyde accumulation; Bleeding (cefamandole & cefoperazone), must give Vit K to correct.	BROAD SPECTRUM: gram+ cocci (strept & MSSA); gram+ rods (CLOSTRIDIUM- not difficile); gram- cocci (neisseria meningitidis (cefuroxime), moraxella); gram- rods (E. coli, klebsiella, proteus (PEck), haemophilus, BACTEROIDES (cefoxitin & cefotetan)	IV (poor oral absorption); ORAL - cephalexin (1st), cefaclor (2nd), cefuroxime (2nd); DISTRIBUTION - very well into body fluids except CSF; EXCRETION - tubular and/or glomerular filtration - adjust dose in renal failure EXCEPTION: ceftriaxone excreted th
cefoxitin	B-Lactam: 2nd Gen Cephalosporins	Bactericidal; Inactivate PBPs; Prevent crosslinkage formation; Allow autolysins to proceed unopposed	Natural Resistance; Acquired Resistance - plasmid transfer of B-lactamase, decreased penetration of drug, modification PBPs drug doesn't bind	Hypersensitivity; Disulfiram-like effect (cefamandole & cefoperazone) causing acetaldehyde accumulation; Bleeding (cefamandole & cefoperazone), must give Vit K to correct.	BROAD SPECTRUM: gram+ cocci (strept & MSSA); gram+ rods (CLOSTRIDIUM- not difficile); gram- cocci (neisseria meningitidis (cefuroxime), moraxella); gram- rods (E. coli, klebsiella, proteus (PEck), haemophilus, BACTEROIDES (cefoxitin & cefotetan)	IV (poor oral absorption); ORAL - cephalexin (1st), cefaclor (2nd), cefuroxime (2nd); DISTRIBUTION - very well into body fluids except CSF; EXCRETION - tubular and/or glomerular filtration - adjust dose in renal failure EXCEPTION: ceftriaxone excreted th
cefuroxime	B-Lactam: 2nd Gen Cephalosporins	Bactericidal; Inactivate PBPs; Prevent crosslinkage formation; Allow autolysins to proceed unopposed	Natural Resistance; Acquired Resistance - plasmid transfer of B-lactamase, decreased penetration of drug, modification PBPs drug doesn't bind	Hypersensitivity; Disulfiram-like effect (cefamandole & cefoperazone) causing acetaldehyde accumulation; Bleeding (cefamandole & cefoperazone), must give Vit K to correct.	BROAD SPECTRUM: gram+ cocci (strept & MSSA); gram+ rods (CLOSTRIDIUM- not difficile); gram- cocci (neisseria meningitidis (cefuroxime), moraxella); gram- rods (E. coli, klebsiella, proteus (PEck), haemophilus, BACTEROIDES (cefoxitin & cefotetan)	IV (poor oral absorption); ORAL - cephalexin (1st), cefaclor (2nd), cefuroxime (2nd); DISTRIBUTION - very well into body fluids except CSF; EXCRETION - tubular and/or glomerular filtration - adjust dose in renal failure EXCEPTION: ceftriaxone excreted th
cefamandole	B-Lactam: 2nd Gen Cephalosporins	Bactericidal; Inactivate PBPs; Prevent crosslinkage formation; Allow autolysins to proceed unopposed	Natural Resistance; Acquired Resistance - plasmid transfer of B-lactamase, decreased penetration of drug, modification PBPs drug doesn't bind	Hypersensitivity; Disulfiram-like effect (cefamandole & cefoperazone) causing acetaldehyde accumulation; Bleeding (cefamandole & cefoperazone), must give Vit K to correct.	BROAD SPECTRUM: gram+ cocci (strept & MSSA); gram+ rods (CLOSTRIDIUM- not difficile); gram- cocci (neisseria meningitidis (cefuroxime), moraxella); gram- rods (E. coli, klebsiella, proteus (PEck), haemophilus, BACTEROIDES (cefoxitin & cefotetan)	IV (poor oral absorption); ORAL - cephalexin (1st), cefaclor (2nd), cefuroxime (2nd); DISTRIBUTION - very well into body fluids except CSF; EXCRETION - tubular and/or glomerular filtration - adjust dose in renal failure EXCEPTION: ceftriaxone excreted th
cefoperazone	B-Lactam: 3rd Gen Cephalosporins	Bactericidal; Inactivate PBPs; Prevent crosslinkage formation; Allow autolysins to proceed unopposed	Natural Resistance; Acquired Resistance - plasmid transfer of B-lactamase, decreased penetration of drug, modification PBPs drug doesn't bind	Hypersensitivity; Disulfiram-like effect (cefamandole & cefoperazone) causing acetaldehyde accumulation; Bleeding (cefamandole & cefoperazone), must give Vit K to correct.	VERY BROAD SPECTRUM: gram+ cocci; gram+ rods; gram- cocci (NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS - ceftriazone & cfotaxime & GONORRHEA)- some; gram- rods (MOST ENTERICS (not shigella), PSEUDOMONAS- ceftazidime, cefoperazone)	IV (poor oral absorption); ORAL - cephalexin (1st), cefaclor (2nd), cefuroxime (2nd); DISTRIBUTION - very well into body fluids except CSF; EXCRETION - tubular and/or glomerular filtration - adjust dose in renal failure EXCEPTION: ceftriaxone excreted th
cefotaxime	B-Lactam: 3rd Gen Cephalosporins	Bactericidal; Inactivate PBPs; Prevent crosslinkage formation; Allow autolysins to proceed unopposed	Natural Resistance; Acquired Resistance - plasmid transfer of B-lactamase, decreased penetration of drug, modification PBPs drug doesn't bind	Hypersensitivity; Disulfiram-like effect (cefamandole & cefoperazone) causing acetaldehyde accumulation; Bleeding (cefamandole & cefoperazone), must give Vit K to correct.	VERY BROAD SPECTRUM: gram+ cocci; gram+ rods; gram- cocci (NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS - ceftriazone & cfotaxime & GONORRHEA)- some; gram- rods (MOST ENTERICS (not shigella), PSEUDOMONAS- ceftazidime, cefoperazone)	IV (poor oral absorption); ORAL - cephalexin (1st), cefaclor (2nd), cefuroxime (2nd); DISTRIBUTION - very well into body fluids except CSF; EXCRETION - tubular and/or glomerular filtration - adjust dose in renal failure EXCEPTION: ceftriaxone excreted th
ceftazidime	B-Lactam: 3rd Gen Cephalosporins	Bactericidal; Inactivate PBPs; Prevent crosslinkage formation; Allow autolysins to proceed unopposed	Natural Resistance; Acquired Resistance - plasmid transfer of B-lactamase, decreased penetration of drug, modification PBPs drug doesn't bind	Hypersensitivity; Disulfiram-like effect (cefamandole & cefoperazone) causing acetaldehyde accumulation; Bleeding (cefamandole & cefoperazone), must give Vit K to correct.	VERY BROAD SPECTRUM: gram+ cocci; gram+ rods; gram- cocci (NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS - ceftriazone & cfotaxime & GONORRHEA)- some; gram- rods (MOST ENTERICS (not shigella), PSEUDOMONAS- ceftazidime, cefoperazone)	IV (poor oral absorption); ORAL - cephalexin (1st), cefaclor (2nd), cefuroxime (2nd); DISTRIBUTION - very well into body fluids except CSF; EXCRETION - tubular and/or glomerular filtration - adjust dose in renal failure EXCEPTION: ceftriaxone excreted th
cefriaxone	B-Lactam: 3rd Gen Cephalosporins	Bactericidal; Inactivate PBPs; Prevent crosslinkage formation; Allow autolysins to proceed unopposed	Natural Resistance; Acquired Resistance - plasmid transfer of B-lactamase, decreased penetration of drug, modification PBPs drug doesn't bind	Hypersensitivity; Disulfiram-like effect (cefamandole & cefoperazone) causing acetaldehyde accumulation; Bleeding (cefamandole & cefoperazone), must give Vit K to correct.	VERY BROAD SPECTRUM: gram+ cocci; gram+ rods; gram- cocci (NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS - ceftriazone & cfotaxime & GONORRHEA)- some; gram- rods (MOST ENTERICS (not shigella), PSEUDOMONAS- ceftazidime, cefoperazone)	IV (poor oral absorption); ORAL - cephalexin (1st), cefaclor (2nd), cefuroxime (2nd); DISTRIBUTION - very well into body fluids except CSF; EXCRETION - tubular and/or glomerular filtration - adjust dose in renal failure EXCEPTION: ceftriaxone excreted th

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