| Question |
Answer |
| ADT | Average Daily Traffic |
| ADDT | Annual Daily Traffic |
| VMT | Vehicle miles Traveled |
| Principal Arterials | serve longer trips, carry the highest traffic volumes, carry a large percentage of the VMT on minimum mileage,
and provide minimal land access |
| Minor Arterials | interconnect the principal arterials, provide less mobility,
smaller geographic areas than principal arterials |
| Collectors | provide both land access and traffic circulation with residential, commercial, and industrial areas by collecting
and distributing traffic to these areas |
| Local Streets | provide direct access to adjacent land and to the higher classified streets |
| Orgin Destination Study | a detailed survey to estimate travel demands on a traffic system. Road blocks set up and motorists within the cordon area asked questions on where they are traveling to/from. |
| Peek Hour/period | the highest volume of traffic in a day
- usually 4:30 - 5:30 PM |
| Level of Service | the ability of a road or street to accommodate traffic flow determines the level of service provided. Free flowing
or delayed flow determines a high level of service whereas, high traffic volumes, too many access points, and
poor signal timing causes lo |
| single-family residential | 10 Vehicle Trips per Unit |
| planned unit developments | 8 Vehicle Trips per Unit |
| duplexes and townhouses | 7 Vehicle Trips per Unit |
| apartments & condos | 6 Vehicle Trips per Unit |
| mobile homes | 5.5 Vehicle Trips per Unit |
| retirement homes | 3.5 Vehicle Trips per Unit |
| shopping center | Range of parking: 1:1000 to 5:1000 (spaces:Gross Leasable Area) |
| office | Range of Parking: 1:2000 to 3:1000 (spaces:Gross Leasable Area) |
| general office | 1:300 (spaces:gross floor area) |
| office & medical center | Range of Parking: 1:10 to 3:4 (spaces:employees) |
| medical center | Range of Parking: 3:4 to 9:2 (spaces:beds) |
| university/college | Range of Parking: 1:10 to 1:2 (spaces:students) |
| university/college | Range of Parking: 4:5 (spaces:staff persons) |
| hotel | Range of Parking needed: 1:5 to 3:2 (spaces:rooms) |
| restaurant | Range of Parking Needed: 5:1000 to 25:1000 (spaces:Gross Leasable Area) |
| resident | Range of Parking Needed: 1:5 to 2:1 (spaces:units) |
| cross tabulation model | estimates trip generation rates based on land use type, purpose, or socioeconomic characteristics. |
| gravity model | provides trip estimates based on proportional attractiveness of the zone and inversely proportional to the trip length. |
| trip distribution | examines where people are going. Regions are divided into traffic zones (TZA)and data is provided on # of trips between zones. |
| Modal Split | deals with how people get to where they want to go. car, bike, walk,bus |
| Highway Capacity Manual | provides concepts, guidelines, & procedures for computing highway capacity. |
| Level of Service (LOS) | ranges from A to F based on amount of congestion. A = freeflowing and F means heavily congested with reduced speeds and increased time to get through traffic signals. |
| Federal Aid Highway Act | adopted in 1944 based on President Roosevelts 1939 system of highways the Act designated 65,000 kilometers of highway as interstate highways. The Act didnot initially provide any funding. |
| Public Roads Administration (PRA) | responcible for implementing the interstate highway system. It did not have funding until 1952. |
| Road Design | focuses on everything from the nature of the street to actual design guidelines for local streets. |
| Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) | Provied funding for highways, transit, pedestrian and bicycle facilities. TEA-21, TEA3, & SAFETEA followed |
| Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) | created to meet federal requirements for urban transportation planning. Federal Aid Highway Act required urban areas w/ populations in excess of 50,000 to develop comprehensive transportation plans. |
| Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) | In MPOs with population of 200,000 or greater a TIP is created that lists all projects for which federal funds are anticipated along with non-federally funded projects that are regionally significant. The plan prioritizes the projects. |
| Transportation Demand Management (TDM) | General term used to describe strategies for the efficient use of transportation. (car sharing, flextime, public transit, park-n-ride, HOV lanes, & telecomuting. |
| Tranit Oriented Development (TOD) | resiential and commercial developments designed to maximize access to different modes of transportation. Focus is not on car travel. |
| traffic calming | involves changes in street alignment, barriers, and other physical changes to the street coridor to reduce traffic speeds and cut-through traffic. (chicane, choker, roundabouts, speed humps, speed tables, traffic circles) |
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