| Question |
Answer |
| how many bones does the skull contain | 28 |
| How many auditory ossicles function in hearing | 6 |
| where are the 6 auditory ossicles located | 3 on each side of the head |
| what consists of 8 bones that encase and protect the brain | cranial vault |
| the paired parietal bones join together at the | sagittal suture |
| the parietal bones abut the frontal bone at the | coronal suture |
| the occipital bone attaches to the parietal bones at the | lambdoid suture |
| fibrous tissues called ____ link the sutures of the skull together | fontanelles |
| at the base of each temporal bone is a cone shaped section of bone known as the | mastoid process |
| The floor of the cranial vault is devided into how many compartments? Name them | 3. Anterior fossa, middle fossa, posterior fossa |
| what forms a prominent bony ridge in the center of the anterior fossa, and is the point of attachment for the meninges | crista galli |
| what are the cranial nerves for smell | the olfactory nerves |
| what is the chamber inside the nose that lies between the floor of the cranium and the roof of the mouth | the nasal cavity |
| what lies on either side of the foramen magnum and are the points of articulation between the skull and the vertebral column | occipital condyles |
| what is the irregular shaped bone in the posterior nasal cavity called | palatine bone |
| what bone extends along the front of the skull below the orbit | zygomatic arch |
| how many facial bones form the structure of the face, without contributing to the cranial vault | 14 |
| two major nerves provide sensory and motor control to the face. Name them | the trigeminal nerve (5th cranial nerve)and the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve) |
| The ophthalmic nerve supplies sense to what | the skin of the forehead, upper eyelid, and conjunctiva |
| the maxillary nerve supplies sense to what | the posterior part of the side of the nose, lower eye lid, cheek, upper lip |
| the mandibular nerve supplies sense to what | the muscles of chewing, skin of the lower lip, chin, temporal region, and part of the external ear |
| the facial nerve supplies sense to what | the muscles for facial expressions |
| Several bones associated with the nose contain cavities known as | the paranasal sinuses |
| What is the largest movable bone forming the lower jaw and containing the lower teeth | mandible |
| what "floats" in the superior aspect of the neck just below the mandible | hyoid bone |
| the eyeball is also know as the | globe |
| the globe is about ___ '' in diameter | 1 |
| what nerve innervates the muscles that cause motion of the eyeballs and the upper eyelids | oculomotor nerve (3rd cranial nerve) |
| the whites of the eye are also known as | the sclera |
| what is the transparent anterior portion of the eye that overlies the iris and pupil | the cornea |
| what is the delicate mucus membrane that covers the sclera and internal surfaces of the eyelids but not the iris | the conjunctiva |
| what is the pigmented part of the eye that surrounds the pupil | the iris |
| what is behind the pupil and iris? It is a transparent structure that can alter it's thickness to focus light on the retina at the back of the eye | the lens |
| what lies in the posterior aspect of the interior globe, is a delicate, 10-layered structure of nervous tissue that extends from the optic nerve | retina |
| the anterior compartment of the eye is filled with a substance that if lost will gradually be replenished. what is it | aqueous humor |
| the posterior chamber of the eye is filled with a substance that if lost will not replenish. What is it | vitreous humor |
| a jelly like substance that maintains the shape of the globe, is | vitreous humor |
| the optic nerve transmits an image to the brain, where it is converted into conscious imigaes in the | visual cortex |
| which vision facilitates visualization of objects directly in front of you | central vision |
| which vision gives us visualization of lateral objects while looking forward | peripheral vision |
| what secrets and drains tears from the eye | lacrimal apparatus |
| the ear is devided into 3 anatomical parts. what are they | external, middle, and inner. |
| vibration of sound waves in against the tympanic membrane sets up vibration in the | ossicles |
| how many permanent teeth does the normal adult mouth contain | 32 |
| the top portion of the tooth is called what | the crown |
| what forms the principal mass of the tooth | dentin |
| the sdockets in the gum for the tooth is called | alveoli |
| the ridges between the teeth are called | alveolar ridges |
| the chewing of food by the teeth is known as | mastication |
| what arteries run laterally to the cervical vertebrae in the posterior part of the neck | the vertebral arteries |
| the brain occupies how much of the cranial vault | 80% |
| there are 4 major regions of the brain. Name them | the cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and the cerebellum |
| the brain metabolizes how much of the bodies glucose. In % and in mg/min | 25%, 60mg/min |
| what is the largest portion of the brain, and what is it responsible for | the cerebrum, higher functions such as reasoning |
| what is the largest portion of the cerebrum and what is it responsible for | the cerebral cortex, it regulates voluntary skeletal movement, and level of awareness |
| what lobe is important for voluntary motor action and personality traits | frontal lobe |
| what lobe controls the somatic, and voluntary sensory and motor functions for the opposite side of the body, as well as memory and emotions | parietal lobe |
| what lobe is reponsible for processing visial information | the occipital lobe |
| what lobe is the speech center located in | the temporal lobe |
| where do you find the thalmus, subthalmas, and hypothalmas | the diencephalon |
| what is located beneath the cerebral hemispheres in the inferoposterior part of the brain | the cerebellum |
| what does the brain stem consist of | the pons, midbrain, and the medulla |
| what is responsible for maintenance of consciousness | RAS, reticular activating system |
| what has an important role in coordination of motor movements and posture | basal ganglia |
| what influences emotions, motivation, mood, and sensations of pain and pleasure | limbic system |
| protective layers that surround and enfold the entire CNS are called | Meninges |
| the outer most meninges layer is known as the | dura mater |
| what structure seperates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum and brain stem | tentorium |
| The second meningeal layer is a delicate transparent membrane called | the arachnoid |
| the third meningeal layer is known as the | pia mater |
| where are the meningeal arteries located | between the dura mater and the skull |
| bleeding above the dura mater is known as what type of bleed | epidural hematoma |
| where is CSF manufactured | in the ventricales of the brain |
| how much force is required to fracture the maxilla | up to 150g |
| what is dental malocclusion | misalignment of the teeth |
| what is a Le Forte I fracture | a horizontal fracture of the maxilla |
| what is a Le Forte II fracture | a pyramidal fracture involving the nasal bone, and the inferior maxilla |
| what is a Le Forte III fracture | a fracture of all midfacial bones, seperating the entire midface from the cranium |
| what is diplopia | double vision |
| what is the most common type of orbit fracture | inferior |
| ~ how many eye injuries occure in the united states each year | 1.5 million |
| if there is a laceration of the globe itself what shouldn't you do | apply pressure to the eye |
| what is bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye that obscures vision | Hyphema |
| what is seperation of the inner layers of the retina from the underlying choroid | retinal detachment |
| what is the most important symptom of an eye injury | visual loss that does not improve when the patient blinks |
| what is the condition in which the pupils are not of equal size | Anisocoria |
| If part of the globe is exposed what should you do | gently apply a moist sterile dressing to prevent drying |
| when flushing an eye, you should always flush from what side of the eye | the nose side, so you don't flush the material into the unaffected eye |
| what are the three different types of contact lenses. | hard, rigid gaspermeable, and soft |
| when is the only indication for removing contact lenses in the field | a chemical burn, because the chemical might be trapped under the contact lens |
| What is the Pinna | the ear |
| when caring for an avulsed tooth, what shouldn't you do, and what should you preserve it in | touch the root, and cold whole milk or sterile water or saline |
| what should you do with an open neck would | seal it with an occlusive dressing immediately |
| what is tracheal transection | when the trachea is seperated from the larynx |
| what can be used as a fast way to seal a small hole in the chest | ECK electrodes |
| what does BTF stand for | brain trauma foundation |
| according to BTF how many deaths occur anually from severe head injury | 52,000 |
| scalp lacerations often what | indicate deeper more severe injuries |
| skull fractures are broken down into four different types. What are they | Linear, depressed, basilar, open |
| Which fracture accounts for 80% of all fractures to the skull | linear skull fractures |
| what skull fracture results from high-energy direct trauma to a small surface area of the head with a blunt object | Depressed |
| What 2 regions of the skull are most susceptible to a depressed skull fracture due to bone thickness | the frontal and parietal |
| What skull fracture is associated with high energy trauma, but they usually occur following diffuse impact to the head | Basilar |
| What is defined as a traumatic insult to the brain capable of producing physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and vocational changes | traumatic brain injury |
| Normal ICP in adults ranges from | 0-15mm Hg |
| what is the pressure of blood flow through the brain | CPP, Cerebral profusion pressure |
| what is the average pressure against the arterial wall during a cardiac cycle | MAP, Mean arterial pressure |
| What is the critical minimum threshold | the minimum CPP required to adequately to profuse the brain |
| what is the minimum CPP required to profuse the brain | 60mm Hg |
| A CPP below 60mm Hg does what | doubles the patients chance of dying |
| The body responds to a decrease in CPP by increasing the MAP. This is known as | autoregulation |
Ch.18 LTI-MA 509
