DU PA GYN anat/phys Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
list the structures that form the true pelvis | between the pelvic inlet and the pelvic outlet, bounded by the pelvic surfaces of the hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx |
assessment of sexual maturity, as classified by Tanner, depends on __ | the growth of pubic hair and the development of breasts |
the area of the cervix most at risk for dysplasia | transformation zone (squamocolumnar junction) |
lymph from the vulva and vagina drains into the __ nodes | inguinal |
lymph from the internal genitalia, including the upper vagina, flows into the __ nodes (which are not palpable) | pelvic, and abdominal |
bleeding that occurs after 6 months without periods and warrants further investigation | postmenopausal bleeding |
the abscence of periods | amenorrhea |
failure to initiate periods | primary amenorrhea |
cessation of periods after they have been established | secondary amenorrhea |
physiologic forms of secondary amenorrhea | pregnancy, lactation, menopause |
infrequent/irregular periods | oligomenorrhea |
oligomenorrhea can occur for as long as __ after menarche | 2 years |
pain with menstruation and is usually felt as a bearing down, aching, or cramping sensation in the lower abdomen and pelvis | dysmenorrhea |
a complex of symptoms occuring 4-10 days before a period. | premenstrual syndrome |
PMS symptoms include | tension, nervousness, irritabilitiy, depression, mood swings, weight gain, abdominal bloating, edema, tenderness of the breasts, and headaches |
abnormally frequent periods | polymenorrhea |
increased amount or increased duration of flow associated with a period | menorrhagia |
bleeding occuring between periods | metrorrhagia, intermenstrual bleeding |
bleeding after intercourse | postcoital bleeding |
in the gravida-para system the G stands for | total number of pregnancies |
in the gravida-para system the P stands for | outcomes of pregnancies (children born) |
in the gravida-para system what are the notations you may see after the P and what do they stand for | F-full term, P-premature, A-abortion, L-living child |
postcoital bleeding suggests __ | cervical disease or in an older woman atrophic vaginitis |
at how many weeks can the mother usually feel the baby moving | 20 |
what are the common early signs of pregnancy | tenderness/tingling/enlargement of breasts, N/V, easy fatigability, feeling the baby move |
most common vulvovaginal symptoms | vaginal discharge and local itching |
discomfort or pain during intercourse | dyspareunia |
involuntary spasm of the muscles surrounding the vaginal orifice that makes penetration during intercourse painful or impossible | vaginismus |
widespread screening by __ has contributed to a significant decline in the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer | Papanicolaou (Pap) smear |
80%-90% of cervical cancers are __ | squamous cell carcinomas |
10%-20% of cervical cancers are __ | adenocarcinomas in glandular cells |
the most important risk factor for cervical cancer is __ present in 95%-100% of squamous cell cancers | infection with the high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) |
risk factors for development of cervical cancer | early sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, history of STD |
what makes up the bony pelvis | sacrum posteriorly, hip bones anteriorly/laterally (ilium, ischium, pubis) |
what are the joints of the bony pelvis | symphysis pubis, 2 sacroiliac joints |
the true pelvis lies below the __ | linea terminalus |
top margin of the true pelvis | sacral promontory, top of the pubic bone |
bottom of the true pelvis | outlet of the pelvis |
measure of the pelvic inlet, approximated by the diagonal conjugate, from sacral promontory to back of symphysis >10cm | obstetric conjugate |
distance between the ischial spines >10cm, landmark for station of the fetal head | inter-spinous diameter |
50% of women have what type of pelvis | gynecoid |
what are the four pelvic types | gynecoid (straight walls), anthropoid (deeper), android (converging sidewalls), platyllepoid (flat) |
hair overlying the mons pubis | escutcheon |
fat pad overlying pubic symphysis | mons pubis |
folds of adipose tissue, covered in hair (male homologue scrotum) | labia majora |
no hair, extend anteriorly to form prepuce and clitoris, no hair | labia minora |
in a female the homologue to the penis | clitoris |
area within the labia minora | vestibule |
is in the anterior vestibule | urethra |
is in the posterior vestibule | vagina |
area between the vagina and anus, often injured during child birth | perineum |
1st degree perineum tear involves __ | vaginal epithelium/perineal skin |
2nd degree perineum tear involves __ | perineal body (fascia and muscle) |
3rd degree perineum tear involves __ | perineal body and external anal sphincter |
4th degree perineum tear involves __ | perineal body, external anal sphincter, and rectal mucosa |
periurethral glands at 10 and 2 o'clock in the vestibule | Skene's glands |
glands at 4 and 8 o'clock in the vestibule, prone to abscess | Bartholin's glands |
upper 1/4 of vagina is separated from the rectum by the __ | cul-de-sac of Douglas (recto-uterine pouch) |
when doing speculum exam of vagina focus in what direction | posteriorly |
muscles that make up the pelvic diaphragm | levator ani muscles, coccygeal muscles |
bladder hernia through vagina | cystocele |
rectal hernia through vagina | rectocele |
small intestine hernia through posterior vagina | enterocele |
most dangerous place to have an ectopic pregnancy | interstitial (cornual) portion of the oviducts |
where is tubal ligation done | isthmus of oviducts |
where does labor pain come from | 11th and 12th thoracic nerve roots, sacral roots 2/3/4, pudendal nerve |
on average how long after the onset of puberty will menarche occur | 2.5 years |
maturational increase in adrenal androgen production, which begins at about 6 years of age in both girls and boys. causes hair growth, body odor, skin oiliness, acne | adrenarche |
beginning of breast development usually age 8 or beyond | thelarche |
cyclical changes in hormones from hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and ovaries, produces one fully mature oocyte which is ovulated mid cycle | menstrual cycle |
what are the phases in the menstrual cycle | menses (day 1), follicular/proliferative phase (estrogen levels rise), luteal phase=progesterone (after ovulation) |
__ is released by the hypothalamus in pulses, it initiates release of both LH and FSH by the anterior pituitary | gonadotropin releasing hormone |
__ is released by the anterior pituitary, essential for early ovarian follicle growth, induces proliferation of granulosa cells in the follicle that secrete estrogen, negative feedback on GnRH secretion | follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) |
secreted by the anterior pituitary, surge induces ovulation of the dominant follicle, iduces androgen synthesis by the follicular theca cells | lutenizing hormone (LH) |
steroid hormone made by the corpus luteum, slows endometrial proliferation induces secretion of glands in endometrium in preparation for implantation and early pregnancy maintenance | progesterone |
progesterone level over 4 at day 21 of cycle is indicative of what | that ovulation occurred |
endometrium-follicular phase | proliferation, straight glands, no glycogen |
endometrium luteal phase | secrete glycogen/mucous, glands become tortuous, length constant at 14 days |
menstrual endometrium | spiral arteries rupture, functional endometrium is shed |
how long does menses usually last | 2-8 days |
about how much blood is lost during menses | 25-60 cc |
cervical mucous is __ in proliferative phase | thinner |
cervical mucous is __ in luteal phase | thicker |
severe form of PMS, can have these symptoms sadness/despair/suicidal, tension/anxiety, panic attacks , irritability that affects others, mood swings /crying, disinterest in daily activities, binge eating/craving , physical sxs | PMDD |
average age of perimenopause | 47.5 |
what is widely used to detect menopause | FSH >35 (no negative estrogen feedback to pituitary) |
first symptoms of menopause | menstrual irregularities |
bone density is lost at a rate of __% per year after menopause | 1-2 |
vulvovaginal changes post menopause | loss of collagen and adiposity in vulva, clitoris loss of protective covering, vaginal surface thinner/less elastic/more friable, vaginal dryness/genital tract atrophy, vaginal mucosa and endometrium become thin and dry |
symptoms of vulvovaginal changes post menopause | itching, burning, dyspareunia |
signs of vulvovaginal changes post menopause | pale/smooth/shiny vaginal epithelium, loss of elasticity or turgor of skin, sparsity of pubic hair, dryness of labia, fusion of labia minora, introital stenosis, friable/unrugated epithelium, pelvic organ prolapse, vulvar dermatoses/lesions, petechiae |
the transverse folds of the vagina | rugae |
two parts of the uterus | body (corpus), and the cervix |
vaginal surface of the cervix | ectocervix |
at the center of the ectocervix is a round, oval, or slitlike depression call the | external os of the cervix |
when should the first pap smear take place | 3 years after first sexual intercourse or by age 21 whichever comes first |
how often should women up to the age of 30 get screened with the pap smear | annually |
how often should women 30 or older get screened with the pap smear, ir combined cervical cytology testing and high risk HPV testing are negative | every 2-3 years |
the american cancer society recommends discontinuing screening in women after age __ if three consecutive pap tests are negative an pap smears result in the prior 10 years have been negative | 70 |
the american cancer society states that pap testing should continue regardless of age in the following conditions in healthy women | hx of cervical cancer, DES exposure in utero, HIV infection, weakened immune system |
indications for pelvic examination during adolescence | amenorrhea, excessive bleeding, or dysmenorrhea, unexplained abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, prescription of contraceptives, bacteriologic and cytologic studies in a sexually active girl, patient desires to be examined |
which speculum is usually most comfortable for sexually active women | medium pederson |
which speculum is usually most comfortable for the patient with a relatively small introitus (virgin or elderly women) | narrow bladed pederson |
what speculum is best used for parous women with vaginal prolapse | graves |
Created by:
bwyche
Popular Medical sets